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Table 3 Estimations realized to greenhouse gas (GHG) emission for different kinds of vinasses and different systems or wastes

From: Utilization of vinasses as soil amendment: consequences and perspectives

Kind of vinasses or system or waste

Vinasses generation L ×109 f

Density Mg m−3 h

Mg of vinasses generated ×108

Dosesg Ton ha−1

%C in vinasses

%N in vinasses

(CO2–C eq Gg year−1)

CO2

CH4

N2O

Sugarcanea

1400–2100

1.25h

18–26

382.5

0.29

0.123

92,015–138,022

1425–2138

13,169–19,753

Sugar beetb

200–320

 

2.5–3.9

 

0.52

0.475

13,245–20,604

368–572

7320–11,387

Mezcalc

0.0034–0.0063

 

0.00042–0.00079

 

N. R.

0.660

2–4

N.E

2–3

Tequilad

0.16–0.23

 

0.02–0.03

 

0.168

0.035

104–148

0.948–1.35

4–6

Continuous and rotation cropse

–

–

–

–

–

–

5.0–31

N.E

1.3×10−4

Rice cropse

–

–

–

–

–

–

0–29

N.E

1.1×10−4

Shrub land/natural landscapee

–

–

–

–

–

–

0.2–30

N.E

6.5×10−3

Animal wastee

–

–

–

–

–

–

4.1–4.7

N.E

0.05

Grazinge

–

–

–

–

–

–

1.7–28

N.E

3.7×10−5

  1. a Goldemberg et al. (2008); b Christodoulou and Bezergianni (2007); c CRM (2015); d CRT (2015); e Muñoz et al. (2010); NR not reported; NE not estimated. Equations to estimate the potential quantity of GHG (CO2, N2O and CH4) emissions: CO2–C (Gg year−1) = (((Potential quantity of vinasses produced (Mg year−1))/(potential application rate (t ha−1))) × C to CO2 emission factor (20 C t ha−1year−1)/1000; CH4–CO2–Ceq (Gg year−1) = potential quantity of vinasses produced (Mg year−1) × %C in vinasses × C to CH4 conversion (1.33) × 1/1000 × 21 × C to CH4 emission factor (1 %); N2O–CO2–Ceq (Gg year−1) = potential quantity of vinasses produced (Mg year−1) × %N in vinasses × N to N2O conversion (1.57) × 1/1000 × 310 × N to N2O emission factor (1.25 %); Where 1.33 is the C to CH4 conversion; 1 % is the C to CH4 emission factor; 21 and 310 are the global warming potential for CH4 and N2O according to (IPCC 2007); 1.57 is the N to N2O conversion; 1.25 % is the N to N2O emission factor; 1000 is the factor of conversions from Mg to Gg; f Estimated liters of vinasses generated in total production of different products; g Dose recommended by Aparecida-Christofoletti et al. (2013) 300 m3 ha−1 and converted to ton ha−1, h The density 1.25 Mg m−3 reported by Tejada et al. (2007) for beet vinasses was generalized to all vinasses analysed in this document and to estimate the GHG emissions