Table 1 Summary of different protocols in vitro for the efficient yield of PLTs/MKs and their functionality
Source of cells | Efficient yield of MKs | Efficient yield of PLTs | Platelet functionality | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
imMKCLs | No data | Three CD42b+ PLTs per Cl-2 imMKCL-MK; Ten PLTs per Cl-7 imMKCL-MK. | CD42b+; CD61+; PAR1+; CD49b+; CD29+ Positive integrin αIIβ3 activation and platelet aggregation. However, imMKCLs platelets gave less robust responses than fresh human platelets Thrombogenic activity in mouse models of thrombocytopenia | Nakamura et al. (2014) |
iPSCs | No data | Average 9.8 × 105 platelets were generated from 3 × 104 ciPSCs. | The platelets were activated with ADP or thrombin and bound to fibrinogen The platelets had the same ultrastructures, OCS, and α-granules as peripheral platelets | Nishimura et al. (2013) |
|  | A total of 2.06 × 109 MKPs were generated from 1.26 × 108 iPSCs, an average of > 16 MKPs per single iPSC input. | Approximately six platelets per MKP | iPSC platelets generated under completely serum- and feeder-free conditions are functional, forming platelet thrombi in vivo in macrophage-depleted NOD/SCID mice iPSC platelets circulated for at least 8 h in macrophage-depleted NOD/SCID mice | Feng et al. (2014) |
ADSCs | Approximately 2 × 106 MKs were gained from 107 adipocyte precursor cells | 15 × 104 PLTs/107 adipocyte precursor cells | adipocyte precursor cell-derived platelets are in response to thrombin CD41+; CD42a+; CD42b+ P-selection surface expression (+) | Matsubara et al. (2009) |
|  | 5 × 104 MKs from 106 3T3-L1 cells | 1 × 105 PLTs from 106 3T3-L1 cells | CD41+; CD42b+ The binding of fibrinogen to 3T3-L1-derived platelets was increased with stimulation by agonists | Matsubara et al. (2010) |
|  | (3.3 ± 1.8) × 104 MKs from 106 p45NF-E2-OP9 cells | (2.9 ± 2.6) × 105 PLTs from 106 p45NF-E2-OP9 cells | fibrinogen binding(+) and P-selection surface exposure(+) CD41+; CD42b+ | Matsubara et al. (2013) |
hESSCs | 5.5 × 104 ± 500 MKs from 1.8 × 105 ± 642 hESSCs | 3 × 105 ± 360 PLTs from 1.8 × 105 ± 642 hESSCs | PLTs bind to fibrinogen and express CD62P after thrombin stimulation PLTs intracellular structures are similar to PLTs harvested from human peripheral blood | Wang et al. (2012) |