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Table 2 The onset latency of postural muscles (mean ± SE) relative to Deltoid burst onset are compared by repeated measure and MANOVA between muscles and groups accordingly

From: Preparatory brain activity and anticipatory postural adjustments accompanied by externally cued weighted-rapid arm rise task in non-specific chronic low back pain patients and healthy subjects

Muscles

Control

LBP

F value; groups comparison

R.A

72.34 ± 10.17

78.23 ± 10.74

0.16

E.O

0.45 ± 8.13

27 ± 8.58

5.05*

L.TrA/IO

−16.72 ± 10.16

18.73 ± 10.73

5.76*

R.TrA/IO

4.76 ± 5.74

28.23 ± 6.06

7.91**

E.S

−15.48 ± 3.49

−20.11 ± 3.68

0.83

Gc.M

8.07 ± 6.17

−12.11 ± 6.52

5.06*

F value; muscles comparison

19.42***

22.35***

 
  1. The negative values indicating burst onset of postural muscles prior to deltoid. Asterisks represent Significant values (P value < 0.05)
  2. LBP low back pain, R.A rectus abdominis, E.O external oblique, L.TrA/IO and R.TrA/IO left and right transverse abdominis/internal oblique, E.S erector spinae, Gc.M medial head of gastrocnemius
  3. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001