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Table 2 Simulated result for the total water inflow of the whole tunnel using different forecasting methods

From: Forecasting and prevention of water inrush during the excavation process of a diversion tunnel at the Jinping II Hydropower Station, China

Tunnel section (m)

Stable water inflow (m3/h)

Maximum water inflow (m3/h)

Kostyakov method

Ochiai method

Qshima method

K0 ~ 115

4.3

4.5

4.6

K115 ~ 2000

71.5

85.2

90.3

K2000 ~ 2500

33.3

39.6

50.2

K2500 ~ 3316

41.8

51.1

59.5

K3316 ~ 4414

126.5

148.0

215.1

K4414 ~ 8265

345.5

424.2

566.7

K8265 ~ 12571

366.6

450.5

595.0

K12571 ~ 15152

210.6

255.0

337.0

K15152 ~ 16151

52.6

62.9

74.4

K16151 ~ 17290

56.7

66.0

77.2

Sum

1309.4

1586.9

2070.2