Leptin levels after subarachnoid haemorrhage are gender dependent

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Table 2 Peak and mean Nadir values of leptin (ng/mL) 0–240 h after SAH

Parameter	Number of samples	Peak leptin (ng/mL)	Sig.	Nadir leptin (ng/mL)	Sig.
Gender
F/M	(39/17)	54.1 ± 35.0/28.9 ± 23.7	ns	21.7 ± 16.0/9.3 ± 6.3	<0.001
Age^a
Female
≤59/>59	(18/21)	53.6 ± 42.0/54.4 ± 28.6	ns	18.8 ± 14.2/24.2 ± 17.3	ns
Male
≤63/>63	(10/7)	36.3 ± 28.5/18.3 ± 7.8	ns	10.8 ± 7.4/7.1 ± 3.5	ns
BMI^b
Female
≤25/>25	(23/16	41.3 ± 27.8/72.3 ± 36.8	<0.05	14.5 ± 8.8/32.0 ± 18.4	<0.001
Male
≤25/>25	(11/6)	25.0 ± 23.1/36.0 ± 25.3	ns	7.8 ± 5.6/12.1 ± 6.9	ns
Hypertension^c
Female
Yes/no	(11/28)	65.3 ± 38.3/49.6 ± 33.3	ns	25.5 ± 15.9/20.2 ± 16.1	ns
Male
Yes/no	(8/9)	40.7 ± 30.2/18.4 ± 7.8	ns	12.4 ± 7.6/6.5 ± 3.1	ns
H&H^d
Female
1–2/3–4	(28/11)	51.0 ± 36.0/61.8 ± 32.5	ns	21.8 ± 17.5/21.4 ± 12.0	ns
Male
1–2/3–4	(12/5)	27.4 ± 20.2/32.6 ± 33.1	ns	9.3 ± 6.0/9.3 ± 7.6	ns
GOS^e
Female
1–3/4–5	(9/30)	56.6 ± 34.7/53.3 ± 35.6	ns	26.8 ± 21.9/20.1 ± 13.9	ns
Male
1–3/4–5	(6/11)	34.4 ± 29.2/25.9 ± 21.1	ns	11.7 ± 8.8/8.0 ± 4.3	ns
Deceased^f
Female
Yes/No	(4/35)	85.5 ± 20.5/50.5 ± 34.6	<0.05	38.1 ± 22.9/19.8 ± 14.3	<0.05
Male
Yes/no	(3/14)	42.0 ± 42.7/26.1 ± 19.1	ns	12.1 ± 8.9/8.7 ± 5.8	ns
SOFA^g
Female
0–2/3–4	(11/26)	49.1 ± 30.9/56.0 ± 36.8	ns	17.6 ± 9.7/23.3 ± 17.8	ns
Male
0–2/3–4	(8/9)	18.0 ± 10.1/38.5 ± 28.3	ns	8.0 ± 7.0/10.5 ± 5.6	ns

Peak leptin value and nadir leptin value in each patient 0–240 h after SAH
F female patient, M male patient
^aMedian age in females was 59(31–82) years and in males 63(26–77) years
^b BMI Body mass index, females median 24 (18–44), males median 25 (22–30)
^cPharmacologically treated hypertension
^d H&H Hunt and Hess is scale for classifying the severity of the SAH; 1 asymptomatic/minimal headache; 2 moderate/severe headache, no neurological deficit other than cranial nerve palsy; 3 drowsiness, confusion or mild focal deficit; 4 stupor, moderate to severe hemiparesis; 5 deep coma, moribund appearance. H&H 1–2 = less severe clinical condition, H&H = 3–5 severe clinical condition
^eGOS Glasgow outcome scale. (1) Dead, (2) Vegetative state, (3) Severe disability, (4) Moderate disability, (5) Good recovery. GOS 1–3 = Unfavourable outcome, GOS 4–5 = favourable outcome
^fSeven patients died during the study period, three males and four females. Median time to death was 20 days (9–39)
^gSequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores organ failure from zero; no organ failure, to four; pronounced organ failure. Six different organ systems are scored; respiration, haematology, hepatic, cardiovascular, renal and central nervous system (CNS). The worst value obtained during a 24-h period is used. In this study the SOFA CNS score was not used, Patients were divided in; severe organ failure ≥3 and no severe organ failure 0–2 at any time during the period studied