From: Impacts of foreign direct investment on efficiency in Swedish manufacturing
Variable | Pooled, all sectors | Forest | Beverage | Chemical | Concrete | Metal | Electro |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stochastic production frontier | |||||||
β k | 0.5632* (−0.0286) | 0.1673 (0.1312) | 0.1250 (0.1650) | 0.3626* (0.0357) | 0.4134* (0.0455) | 1.0031* (0.0675) | 0.7984* (0.0599) |
β l | 0.3686* (0.0337) | 0.6423* (0.1442) | 0.3194** (0.1528) | 0.5031* (0.0659) | 0.5789* (0.0921) | 0.1126 (0.0704) | −0.0349 (0.0940) |
β t | 0.0185 (0.0102) | −0.0367** (0.0155) | 0.0280 (0.0218) | 0.0234* (0.0068) | 0.0576* (0.0145) | −0.0178 (0.0106) | −0.0161 (0.0101) |
β kk | 0.1869* (0.0178) | 0.0206 (0.0765) | −0.0252 (0.1088) | 0.1680* (0.0198) | 0.2665* (0.0694) | 0.3849* (0.0345) | 0.1605* (0.0324) |
β kl | −0.1686* (0.0196) | −0.0876 (0.0810) | 0.0104 (0.1310) | −0.2489* (0.0437) | −0.2252** (0.0934) | −0.2712* (0.0360) | 0.0233 (0.0429) |
β kt | −0.0076* (0.0012) | −0.0078* (0.0029) | −0.0210** (0.0105) | 0.0001 (0.0021) | 0.0116** (0.0047) | −0.0187* (0.0028) | −0.0175* (0.0033) |
β ll | 0.0880* (0.0318) | 0.0233 (0.0931) | −0.4320** (0.2034) | 0.4614* (0.0910) | 0.4670* (0.1334) | 0.0192 (0.0603) | −0.3437* (0.1112) |
β lt | 0.0096* (0.0017) | 0.0101 (0.0038) | 0.0192 (0.0104) | −0.0080 (0.0043) | −0.0013 (0.0061) | 0.0183* (0.0036) | 0.0214* (0.0057) |
β tt | 0.0010* (0.0003) | 0.0025* (0.0005) | 0.0040 (0.0017) | 0.0002 (0.0005) | 0.0074* (0.0019) | 0.0016* (0.0006) | 0.0035* (0.0007) |
Constant | −0.0311 (0.1065) | 1.4077* (0.2698) | 0.5334* (0.1691) | −0.2378* (0.0567) | −1.0186* (0.0678) | 0.1270 (0.1082) | 0.4172* (0.0830) |
Technical inefficiency model | |||||||
δ FO | −0.2117* (0.0217) | −0.3954* (0.0296) | −0.4565* (0.0956) | 0.9094 (0.5863) | 0.0140 (0.0580) | −0.0230 (0.1407) | −1.1771* (0.3475) |
δ k/l | 0.0814* (0.0116) | −0.0609 (0.1169) | −0.4034** (0.1813) | 3.1548** (1.6092) | 0.1460* (0.0389) | 0.4836* (0.0757) | 0.3005 (0.1676) |
δ k·l | −6.08 × 10−08 (3.21 × 10−08) | −0.0185* (0.0033) | −0.1065* (0.0268) | −1.5313 (0.7998) | 0.0486** (0.0221) | 1.29 × 10−07 (1.37 × 10−07) | −0.3366* (0.1223) |
δ t | 0.0186 (0.0108) | −0.0105 (0.0125) | 0.0976* (0.0277) | 0.0602 (0.0418) | 0.1789* (0.0272) | −0.0371** (0.0160) | −0.0111 (0.0128) |
δ 92 | 0.0955* (0.0340) | 0.0432 (0.0609) | −0.0758 (0.1674) | 0.1005 (0.5899) | 0.2264** (0.0943) | 0.4184** (0.1883) | 0.4854 (0.2839) |
Constant | 0.1396 (0.1133) | 1.7364* (0.3262) | 0.9621* (0.2639) | −6.6931 (4.1312) | −1.9864* (0.3176) | −0.5043 (0.2720) | 0.6073* (0.2297) |
σ 2 u | 4.5104* (0.9421) | 2.8196* (0.1143) | 1.1059* (0.1778) | 0.4782 (0.6265) | 2.8830* (0.2429) | 2.2581* (0.3601) | 1.0327* (0.2834) |
σ 2 v | 1.6786* (0.0559) | 5.4708* (1.2117) | 2.2791* (0.4303) | 2.3666* (0.0672) | 2.9171* (0.1453) | 1.4705* (0.0471) | 3.8270* (0.3267) |
Log-likelihood | −2592.36 | −12.69 | −403.1 | −380.88 | −71.39 | −1155.52 | −87.13 |
Number of observations | 4277 | 473 | 434 | 1023 | 377 | 1613 | 357 |
Number of cross-sections | 240 | 25 | 21 | 59 | 19 | 90 | 20 |
Number of time periods | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 |
Average number of time periods | 18 | 19 | 21 | 17 | 19 | 18 | 17 |