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Table 4 Non-adjusted and adjusted 30-day mortality risk ratios of active smokers and non-smokers

From: The bizzare phenomenon of smokers’ paradox in the immediate outcome post acute myocardial infarction: an insight into the Malaysian National Cardiovascular Database-Acute Coronary Syndrome (NCVD-ACS) registry year 2006–2013

ACS type

Number of patients

Deaths, n (%)

Unadjusted risk ratio (95 % CI)

P value

Adjusted risk ratio (95 % CI)

P value

All (n = 23,108)

 Active smokers

12,442

892 (7.2 %)

0.338 (0.322, 0.362)

<0.001

0.534 (0.437, 0.621)*

<0.001

 Non-smokers

10,666

1317 (12.3 %)

1

 

1

 

STEMI (n = 15,293)

 Active smokers

9609

714 (7.4 %)

0.398 (0.317, 0.499)

<0.001

0.635 (0.592, 0.681)*

<0.001

 Non smokers

5684

776 (13.7 %)

1

 

1

 

NSTEMI (n = 7815)

 Active smokers

2833

178 (6.3 %)

0.336 (0.316, 0.356)

<0.001

0.489 (0.421, 0.589)*

<0.001

 Non smokers

4982

541 (10.9 %)

1

 

1

 
  1. * Risk ratios were adjusted with respect to each variable with significant P value (<0.05) in the univariate analysis (refer Tables 1, 2)