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Table 3 Non-adjusted and adjusted in-hospital mortality risk ratios of active smokers and non-smokers

From: The bizzare phenomenon of smokers’ paradox in the immediate outcome post acute myocardial infarction: an insight into the Malaysian National Cardiovascular Database-Acute Coronary Syndrome (NCVD-ACS) registry year 2006–2013

ACS type

Number of patients

Deaths, n (%)

Unadjusted risk ratio (95 % CI)

P value

Adjusted risk ratio (95 % CI)

P value

All (n = 23,108)

 Active smokers

12,442

699 (5.6 %)

0.330 (0.311, 0.350)

<0.001

0.510 (0.442, 0.613)*

<0.001

 Non-smokers

10,666

1026 (9.6 %)

1

 

1

 

STEMI (n = 15,293)

 Active smokers

9609

566 (5.9 %)

0.358 (0.293, 0.436)

<0.001

0.628 (0.586, 0.673)*

<0.001

 Non smokers

5684

645 (11.3 %)

1

 

1

 

NSTEMI (n = 7815)

 Active smokers

2833

133 (4.7 %)

0.328 (0.309, 0.348)

<0.001

0.423 (0.369, 0.575)*

<0.001

 Non smokers

4982

381 (7.6 %)

1

 

1

 
  1. * Risk ratios were adjusted with respect to each variable with significant P value (<0.05) in the univariate analysis (refer Tables 1, 2)