Novel pre-treatment of zeolite materials for the removal of sodium ions: potential materials for coal seam gas co-produced wastewater

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Table 5 Experimental and kinetic model coefficients for Na⁺ adsorption on natural and treated zeolite material

Zeolite form	Exp.	Pseudo-first order				Pseudo-second order				Elovich Equation
Zeolite form	\( q_{e} \) (mEq/100 g)	\( q_{e} \) (mEq/100 g)	k ₁ (min⁻¹)	SSE	\( R^{2} \)	\( q_{e} \) (mEq/100 g)	\( k_{2} \) (mEq/100 g min)	SSE	\( R^{2} \)	\( a \) (mEq/100 g min)	\( b \) (mEq/100 g)	SSE	\( R^{2} \)
\( {\text{Natural}} \)	16.16	14.34	0.031	4.08	0.96	15.67	0.002	2.27	0.99	2.54	0.39	1.83	0.99
\( {\text{Ca}}^{2 + } \)	15.52	12.71	0.026	6.13	0.87	13.63	0.003	4.91	0.90	2.87	0.49	3.41	0.94
\( {\text{H}}^{ + } \)	20.40	17.90	0.030	10.29	0.84	19.20	0.002	7.72	0.88	27.43	0.20	7.43	0.95
\( {\text{K}}^{ + } \)	34.68	31.29	0.033	12.70	0.91	34.14	0.001	8.76	0.95	6.03	0.18	7.10	0.96
\( {\text{NH}}_{4}^{ + } \)	36.67	35.92	0.063	9.21	0.94	38.28	0.002	4.91	0.98	27.43	0.20	7.43	0.95