Table 1 Reaction kinetic models
Model | Non-linear equation | Linear equation | Model parameters | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Pseudo-first order | \( q_{t} = q_{e} (1 - e^{{ - k_{1} t}} ) \) | \( \log (q_{e} - q_{t} ) = \log (q_{e} ) - k_{1} t \) | \( q_{e} ,K_{1} \) | Equation 2 |
Pseudo-second order | \( q_{t} = \frac{{q_{e}^{2} k_{2} t}}{{(1 + q_{e} k_{2} t)}} \) | \( \frac{t}{{q_{t} }} = \frac{1}{{k_{2} q_{e}^{2} }} + \left( {\frac{1}{{q_{e} }}} \right)t \) | \( q_{e} ,K_{2} \) | Equation 3 |
Elovich | \( q_{t} = \left( {\frac{1}{b}} \right)\ln (abt + 1) \) | \( q_{t} = \frac{\ln (ab)}{b} + \frac{\ln (t)}{b} \) | a, b | Equation 4 |