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Table 4 Translocation factor (TF), accumulation factor (AF) and tolerance index (TI) of lead, zinc and copper metals in water spinach and okra as influenced by different treatments of control, Pb (50 mg Pb/kg soil), Zn (50 mg Zn/kg soil) and Cu (50 mg Cu/kg soil)

From: Heavy metals phyto-assessment in commonly grown vegetables: water spinach (I. aquatica) and okra (A. esculentus)

Plant species

Treatment

Pb accumulation

Zn accumulation

Cu accumulation

TI

TF

AF

TF

AF

TF

AF

Water spinach

Control

0.76 d

4.61 a

0.83 bc

4.17 a

0.34 c

1.28 c

 

Pb

1.09 a

0.55 d

0.88 bc

3.49 b

0.65 a

3.10 b

0.764 a

Zn

0.87 c

3.06 c

0.98 b

0.71 d

0.36 c

7.65 a

0.591 ab

Cu

1.01 b

3.18 b

1.43 a

2.29 c

0.54 b

0.70 d

0.376 ab

Okra

Control

0.84 b

4.06 b

1.72 a

2.68 c

0.24 bc

1.88 c

 

Pb

0.23 d

1.61 d

1.51 bc

3.20 a

0.35 a

2.28 a

0.860 a

Zn

2.28 a

4.97 a

0.56 d

0.19 d

0.20 d

2.11 ab

0.786 ab

Cu

0.76 c

4.26 c

1.59 b

3.00 b

0.26 b

0.20 d

0.555 ab

  1. Mean ± standard deviation followed by the same letters is not significantly different for each treatment means at 0.01 levels of probability