From: Factors of land abandonment in mountainous Mediterranean areas: the case of Montenegrin settlements
Statement | Settlement number | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | |
Land is mainly used for grass cutting instead of crops | / | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | / | + | − | − | − |
Most fields are abandoned and overgrown by bushes | + | − | − | + | − | − | + | − | − | − | − | − | + | + |
The katuns in the mountains are still used nowadays | + | / | + | − | + | + | − | − | − | / | − | / | − | − |
Now there are more forested areas around the village | + | + | + | − | + | + | + | − | − | + | − | − | + | + |
… because people cut less trees now | + | + | − | − | + | + | + | + | − | + | + | + | + | + |
There is more forest but of less quality now than before | / | − | + | + | − | + | − | + | + | / | / | − | − | − |
There is more degraded forest now due to forest fires | − | − | − | + | − | − | − | + | + | + | + | + | − | − |
There are high quality trees for construction wood | + | + | − | + | + | + | + | − | − | − | − | − | − | − |
Residents still collect mushrooms or berries in the forest | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | − | − | − | − | + | + |
Residents made kreč or charcoal with degraded wood | − | − | − | − | + | − | − | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
Now there are more (fruit) trees in the village | / | / | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | / | + | − | + | + |
There are erosion processes | − | − | − | − | + | − | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | − |
There are karst phenomena | + | + | − | − | − | − | − | − | + | + | + | − | + | − |
People cleaned farmlands of stones and made walls of it | + | − | − | − | − | − | − | + | + | + | + | − | + | + |
There are terraces | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | + | + | + | − | + | + |
There are lynchets | − | − | + | + | + | + | + | + | − | − | − | − | − | − |
It is still difficult to survive due to the lack of water | + | − | + | − | − | − | − | − | − | + | + | − | − | − |
Residents built (a part of) their roads or electricity | + | − | / | / | − | − | + | − | − | + | / | − | + | − |
Residents still burn their garbage or throw it in the river | + | + | + | + | − | − | + | + | − | + | + | − | − | − |
There is a pro-Serbian mentality in the settlement | − | − | − | + | + | + | + | + | + | / | − | − | − | − |
The main emigrations were in the 1970s | − | + | − | + | / | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
The main emigrations were in the 1990s | + | − | + | − | / | − | + | + | − | − | − | + | − | − |
Now only the elderly people remain to live here | + | − | − | + | − | − | + | + | + | + | + | − | + | + |
Only a few families live here during the winter | + | − | − | + | − | + | − | − | − | + | − | − | + | + |