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Table 3 Logic element(s) found recurring in the critical path of different asynchronous RCAs

From: Area/latency optimized early output asynchronous full adders and relative-timed ripple carry adders

Full adder comprising the RCA; RCA type is given alongside

Critical path logical elements

Singh (1981)—strong

2 CE2, 2 OR3

Sparsø and Staunstrup (1993)—strong

CE2, OR4

Toms (2006)—strong

CE2, 2 OR2

Sparsø and Staunstrup (1993)—weak

CE2, OR3

Toms and Edwards (2010)—weak

AND2, CE2, OR3

Folco et al. (2005)—weak

CE2, OR2

Balasubramanian and Edwards (2008c)—weak

AO222

Balasubramanian (2015)—weak

AO21

Balasubramanian (2011)—early output

AO22

Seitz (1979) Early output version—relative-timed

AND3, OR3

AOPT_EO_FA (proposed)—relative-timed

AO22

LOPT_EO_FA (proposed)—relative-timed

AO21

  1. CE2: 2-input C-element; AND2: 2-input AND gate
  2. OR2/3/4: 2/3/4-input OR gate; AO222 and AO21 are complex gates