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Table 1 Latencies and cycle time magnitudes of strong, weak, early output, and relative-timed n-bit RCAs, with m representing the maximum length of the carry chain exercised (m ≤ n)

From: Area/latency optimized early output asynchronous full adders and relative-timed ripple carry adders

RCA realization style

Forward latency

Reverse latency

Cycle time

Strong-indication

n × Tfull adder

n × Tfull adder

2n × Tfull adder

Weak-indication (basic)

m × Tfull adder

m × Tfull adder

m × Tfull adder

Weak-indication (distributed/biased)

m × Tfull adder

2Tfull adder

(m + 2) × Tfull adder

Early output

m × Tfull adder

2Tfull adder

(m + 2) × Tfull adder

Relative-timed (proposed)

m × Tfull adder

Tfull adder

(m + 1) × Tfull adder