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Table 5 Eigenvalues obtained by PSO, DE and IWO (best from 30 runs)

From: Optimal design of proportional–integral controllers for stand-alone solid oxide fuel cell power plant using differential evolution algorithm

Method

PSO

DE

IWO

Eigenvalues

−0.0171

−0.0171

−0.0171

0.8537 + 0.4752i

0.8536 + 0.4755i

0.8501 + 0.5938i

0.8537 − 0.4752i

0.8536 − 0.4755i

0.8501 − 0.5938i

0.1782 + 0.3873i

0.1782 + 0.3874i

0.1765 + 0.4151i

0.1782 − 0.3873i

0.1782 − 0.3874i

0.1765 − 0.4151i

−0.0128

−0.0128

−0.0128

−0.2000

−0.2000

−0.2000