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Table 3 Shoot dry weight (DW), Cd and selected nutrient tissue concentrations (DW) of lettuce grown on spiked soils under different stabilization treatments

From: Effects of biochar and alkaline amendments on cadmium immobilization, selected nutrient and cadmium concentrations of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) in two contrasting soils

 

FMB

CMB

PLB

PJB

CHB

ES

LI

CON+

l.s.d

PKa soil

Biomass (g/pot)

8.69 (0.25)ab

5.63 (0.40)b

1.83 (0.14)f

2.05 (0.08)f

3.48 (0.19)d

3.68 (0.05)d

2.79 (0.12)e

4.42 (0.24)c

0.369

Cd (mg/kg)

5.50 (0.41)f

4.65 (0.15)f

9.40 (0.72)e

15.6 (0.96)c

14.2 (1.32)d

22.7 (0.95)b

16.4 (0.40)c

32.2 (0.77)a

1.37

P (g/kg)

8.15 (0.39)a

7.38 (0.30)b

6.80 (0.29)c

5.48 (0.21)d

4.21 (0.05)e

4.10 (0.17)e

4.37 (0.20)e

5.35 (0.18)d

0.422

Ca (g/kg)

13.4 (1.18)f

14.8 (0.38)ef

20.4 (0.77)c

16.2 (1.44)d

15.9 (0.21)de

24.0 (0.63)a

22.4 (0.70)b

19.7 (0.74)c

1.457

K (g/kg)

59.6 (1.21)cd

63.1 (1.50)b

61.3 (0.88)bc

68.4 (1.64)a

59.1 (0.98)cd

58.7 (1.97)d

58.0 (2.04)d

51.6 (1.11)e

2.555

Mg (g/kg)

6.83 (0.30)ab

6.31 (0.35)b

7.29 (0.47)a

5.32 (0.14)c

4.58 (0.15)d

6.64 (0.38)b

7.24 (0.31)a

4.87 (0.18)cd

0.532

Zn (mg/kg)

215 (11.7)c

298 (15.9)b

505 (5.21)a

192 (11.1)d

174 (10.2)e

61.4 (4.14)f

51.6 (5.15)f

58.4 (0.76)f

16.1

BAa soil

Biomass (g/pot)

5.67 (0.26)a

2.41 (0.04)b

1.36 (0.05)e

1.58 (0.09)d

1.81 (0.02)c

0.98 (0.04)f

0.87 (0.03)f

0.95 (0.03)f

0.178

Cd (mg/kg)

14.4 (0.66)e

20.1 (1.88)d

21.0 (0.09)d

22.1 (1.73)cd

43.4 (2.13)b

44.6 (3.52)b

24.1 (0.35)c

125 (0.33)a

3.011

P (g/kg)

5.90 (0.17)b

6.22 (0.26)a

4.56 (0.07)c

3.48 (0.08)d

2.42 (0.15)e

1.98 (0.08)f

1.29 (0.05)g

1.80 (0.03)f

0.227

Ca (g/kg)

7.10 (0.28)f

3.56 (0.35)g

8.59 (0.94)e

7.73 (0.37)ef

12.1 (0.15)d

38.8 (1.14)a

27.7 (0.48)d

16.7 (0.71)c

1.109

K (g/kg)

38.1 (0.74)c

59.6 (1.02)b

40.0 (0.76)c

62.8 (2.20)a

35.1 (1.58)d

28.8 (0.64)e

28.8 (1.21)e

30.6 (0.81)e

2.125

Mg (g/kg)

7.75 (0.37)b

5.32 (0.36)d

6.00 (0.26)c

3.47 (0.28)f

4.23 (0.28)e

7.25 (0.10)b

13.5 (0.61)a

7.45 (0.17)b

0.579

Zn (mg/kg)

50.7 (2.26)c

54.8 (1.73)c

60.4 (2.61)c

95.7 (6.33)b

175 (0.24)a

30.5 (2.58)d

28.0 (1.43)d

53.7 (2.41)c

19.99

  1. FMB Faecal matter (Faecal cake) biochar, CMB cow manure biochar, PLB poultry litter biochar, PJB Prosopis juliflora pods biochar, CHB Coffee husk biochar, ES Eggshell waste, LI Lime, CON + spiked control
  2. aPK soil: Silty loam soil; BA soil: Sandy loam soil
  3. bStandard deviation in parentheses (n = 3), values for each soil with different letter within each row are significantly different (P < 0.05)