Table 1 Descriptive data from pregnancy and follow-up in relation to glucose category 5 years after GDM
From: Model for individual prediction of diabetes up to 5 years after gestational diabetes mellitus
NGT (n = 187) | IFG (n = 75) | P* | IGT (n = 72) | P* | Diabetes (n = 28) | P* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non-European origin | 23 (13) | 10 (15) | 0.84 | 12 (18) | 0.42 | 13 (48) | <0.001 |
First-grade diabetes heredity | 47 (28) | 24 (36) | 0.27 | 28 (44) | 0.027 | 16 (62) | 0.001 |
Age at delivery (years) | 32.1 (29.1–36.0) | 32.3 (28.8–35.9) | 0.99 | 34.6 (32.2–36.8) | 0.002 | 35.4 (28.8–38.2) | 0.060 |
Pregnancy | |||||||
2-h PG (mmol/L) | 9.3 (8.9–9.9) | 9.3 (8.9–10.3) | 0.43 | 9.5 (9.1–10.3) | 0.083 | 10.1 (9.6–10.8) | <0.001 |
Diagnosis in early gestation | 8 (5.0) | 5 (7.9) | 0.53 | 7 (12) | 0.13 | 6 (23) | 0.006 |
Insulin treatment | 12 (6.5) | 7 (9.3) | 0.44 | 8 (11) | 0.20 | 6 (21) | 0.018 |
1–2 years after pregnancy | |||||||
Interval to follow-up (years) | 1.3 (1.0–1.7) | 1.2 (1.0–1.5) | 0.15 | 1.4 (1.2–1.6) | 0.12 | 1.4 (1.1–1.7) | 0.68 |
Deliveries >3 | 7 (4.0) | 6 (8.5) | 0.20 | 5 (7.2) | 0.33 | 3 (10.7) | 0.14 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 23.0 (21.2–26.0) | 24.1 (21.6–27.5) | 0.010 | 24.4 (22.2–27.1) | 0.011 | 27.0 (25.1–31) | <10−6 |
FPG (mmol/L) | 5.2 (4.9–5.6) | 5.6 (5.2–6.0) | <10−4 | 5.3 (5.0–5.8) | 0.12 | 5.7 (5.2–6.3) | <0.001 |
2-h PG (mmol/L) | 5.8 (5.0–6.9) | 6.4 (5.5–7.0) | 0.043 | 7.4 (6.1–8.3) | <10−8 | 7.2 (6.9–8.5) | <10−6 |
5 years after pregnancy | |||||||
Interval to follow-up (years) | 5.1 (5.0–5.2) | 5.1 (5.0–5.3) | 0.95 | 5.1 (5.0–5.3) | 0.39 | 5.2 (5.0–5.5) | 0.28 |
Deliveries >3 | 13 (7.0) | 9 (12.0) | 0.22 | 10 (13.9) | 0.09 | 5 (18) | 0.066 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 23.4 (21.3–26.8) | 25.0 (22.7–27.9) | 0.005 | 25.8 (23.1–27.9) | 0.001 | 28.0 (26.8–34.6) | <10−7 |
FPG (mmol/L) | 5.5 (5.3–5.8) | 6.3 (6.2–6.5) | <10−35 | 6.0 (5.6–6.4) | <10−10 | 7.1 (6.8–7.2) | <10−15 |
2-h PG (mmol/L) | 7.4 (6.6–8.0) | 7.7 (7.3–8.2) | 0.003 | 9.7 (9.2–10.3) | <10−34 | 12.2 (9.5–12.7) | <10−13 |