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Table 3 Diurnal profile of frequency-domain HRV parameters in diabetic patients with and without CAN

From: Heart rate variability is associated with interstitial glucose fluctuations in type 2 diabetic women treated with insulin

Period

HRV parameter

Patients without CAN (n = 21)

Patients with CAN (n = 46)

p

Day/fasting (1)

LF (n.u.)

65.8 (55.7; 81.2)

48.3 (30; 65.3)

0.005

HF (n.u.)

58.3 (35; 81)

43.7 (27.7; 63)

0.14

LF/HF

1.2 (1.0; 1.4)

1.1 (0.9; 1.3)

0.06

Day/postprandial (2)

LF (n.u.)

51.6 (37; 76.3)

p 1–2 = 0.03

43.3 (31.5; 54)

p 1–2 = 0.11

0.05

HF (n.u.)

49.8 (31.5; 67.0)

p 1–2 = 0.05

39.7 (30; 58)

p 1–2 = 0.7

0.14

LF/HF

1.1 (0.9; 1.5)

p 1–2 = 0.17

1.1 (0.9; 1.3)

p 1–2 = 0.58

0.7

Night (3)

LF (n.u.)

88 (49; 114)

p 1–3 = 0.16

p 2–3 = 0.03

56 (37; 101)

p 1–3 = 0.03

p 2–3 = 0.0007

0.01

HF (n.u.)

79 (50; 123)

p 1–3 = 0.01

p 2–3 = 0.005

64 (40; 75)

p 1–3 = 0.003

p 2–3 = 0.001

0.04

LF/HF

1.1 (0.7; 1.4)

p 1–3 = 0.2

p 2–3 = 0.17

1.1 (0.7; 1.4)

p 1–3 = 0.75

p 2–3 = 0.86

0.69

  1. The data are shown as medians (25th; 75th percentiles). The differences between groups were assessed by Mann–Whitney test. The differences between variables within one group were assessed by Wilcoxon matched pair test
  2. p 1–2 p-value for the differences between day-time/fasting period and day-time/postprandial one, p 1–3 p-value for the differences between day-time/fasting period and night, p 2–3 p-value for the differences between day-time/postprandial period and night
  3. CAN cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy, HF high-frequency domain, HRV heart rate variability, LF low-frequency domain, n.u. normalized units
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