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Table 9 Results of the mixed-effects regression analyses for change in age across years in half-marathoners

From: Male and female Ethiopian and Kenyan runners are the fastest and the youngest in both half and full marathon

Parameter

Estimate

SE

DF

T

p value

Ethiopia

     

 Constant term

−182.511370

314.486675

91.467

−0.580

0.563

 Female sex

1.680182

1.432541

72.982

1.173

0.245

 Calendar year

0.104919

0.156633

91.480

0.670

0.505

Kenya

     

 Constant term

8.235275

288.742638

208.395

0.029

0.977

 Female sex

−0.121674

1.317439

68.640

−0.092

0.927

 Calendar year

0.010794

0.143794

208.376

0.075

0.940

Austria

     

 Constant term

194.074686

73.655324

2996.146

2.635

0.008

 Female sex

−1.709831

0.481769

1362.215

−3.549

<0.0001

 Calendar year

−0.075364

0.036673

2996.074

−2.055

0.040

Canada

     

 Constant term

160.945071

202.099830

612.252

0.796

0.426

 Female sex

−1.870259

1.338345

281.258

−1.397

0.163

 Calendar year

−0.059563

0.100658

612.236

−0.592

0.554

Czech Republic

 Constant term

−103.672165

314.871371

203.897

−0.329

0.742

 Female sex

−1.866522

1.674310

123.397

−1.115

0.267

 Calendar year

0.070316

0.156835

203.856

0.448

0.654

Denmark

     

 Constant term

635.928991

345.802767

242.013

1.839

0.067

 Female sex

−1.207578

1.995708

124.433

−0.605

0.546

 Calendar year

−0.295499

0.172164

242.020

−1.716

0.087

Spain

     

 Constant term

4.345138

173.122867

707.441

0.025

0.980

 Female sex

−0.414857

0.961543

416.419

−0.431

0.666

 Calendar year

0.018514

0.086181

707.444

0.215

0.830

France

     

 Constant term

40.876029

30.739542

20,221.009

1.330

0.184

 Female sex

−0.363674

0.201893

9121.960

−1.801

0.072

 Calendar year

0.000558

0.015305

20,220.731

0.036

0.971

Great Britain

 Constant term

62.808682

86.098036

2964.716

0.730

0.466

 Female sex

−1.582820

0.555386

1329.593

−2.850

0.004

 Calendar year

−0.010529

0.042874

2964.669

−0.246

0.806

Germany

     

 Constant term

47.516840

32.418394

21,887.424

1.466

0.143

 Female sex

0.269587

0.192793

9869.455

1.398

0.162

 Calendar year

−0.002199

0.016141

21,888.087

−0.136

0.892

Italy

     

 Constant term

99.335607

63.935535

3599.246

1.554

0.120

 Female sex

−0.964511

0.478133

1789.232

−2.017

0.044

 Calendar year

−0.027856

0.031834

3599.102

−0.875

0.382

Japan

     

 Constant term

774.526324

242.816752

456.029

3.190

0.002

 Female sex

−0.297851

1.873820

298.110

−0.159

0.874

 Calendar year

−0.361601

0.120894

456.006

−2.991

0.003

Liechtenstein

 Constant term

86.887276

148.175736

975.830

0.586

0.558

 Female sex

−0.191866

0.758997

586.133

−0.253

0.801

 Calendar year

−0.022614

0.073778

975.840

−0.307

0.759

Luxembourg

     

 Constant term

−164.038413

297.385871

212.919

−0.552

0.582

 Female sex

−0.327141

1.355426

151.704

−0.241

0.810

 Calendar year

0.102236

0.148098

212.984

0.690

0.491

Netherlands

     

 Constant term

−523.086955

207.948527

597.809

−2.515

0.012

 Female sex

0.885014

1.109896

324.076

0.797

0.426

 Calendar year

0.281968

0.103524

597.796

2.724

0.007

Norway

     

 Constant term

−912.882656

459.239160

164.453

−1.988

0.048

 Female sex

6.870747

2.584284

91.195

2.659

0.009

 Calendar year

0.475098

0.228639

164.454

2.078

0.039

Portugal

     

 Constant term

−51.331697

261.757709

235.116

−0.196

0.845

 Female sex

1.523814

1.797020

119.389

0.848

0.398

 Calendar year

0.046577

0.130365

235.105

0.357

0.721

Switzerland

     

 Constant term

41.194097

0.025301

124,980.522

1.174

0.101

 Female sex

0.130365

0.045674

144,203.009

2.854

0.401

 Calendar year

−0.003405

0.004187

 

−0.813

0.759

United States of America

 Constant term

59.833065

149.760218

1239.031

0.400

0.690

 Female sex

−0.210582

0.907549

602.658

−0.232

0.817

 Calendar year

−0.009517

0.074571

1239.035

−0.128

0.898

Australia

     

 Constant term

352.823540

240.345850

102.968

1.468

0.145

 Female sex

0.724548

1.955842

120.491

0.370

0.712

 Calendar year

−0.155166

0.119654

102.965

−1.297

0.198

Belgium

     

 Constant term

32.115986

200.805249

711.224

0.160

0.873

 Female sex

0.194925

1.089004

423.817

0.179

0.858

 Calendar year

0.005088

0.099966

711.329

0.051

0.959

Hungary

     

 Constant term

306.588165

391.814434

209.053

0.782

0.435

 Female sex

1.793288

2.174815

181.126

0.825

0.411

 Calendar year

−0.129388

0.195061

209.050

−0.663

0.508

Ireland

     

 Constant term

−234.096789

266.979012

233.252

−0.877

0.381

 Female sex

−1.746638

1.660739

110.543

−1.052

0.295

 Calendar year

0.136751

0.132924

233.250

1.029

0.305

Poland

     

 Constant term

80.619356

304.876109

293.818

0.264

0.792

 Female sex

1.372858

1.636758

169.363

0.839

0.403

 Calendar year

−0.020831

0.151805

293.811

−0.137

0.891

Russia

     

 Constant term

172.423406

334.325523

166.780

0.516

0.607

 Female sex

−1.652883

1.736428

115.009

−0.952

0.343

 Calendar year

−0.067115

0.166487

166.786

−0.403

0.687

Sweden

     

 Constant term

289.316852

335.082052

353.960

0.863

0.388

 Female sex

−0.592306

1.563797

209.865

−0.379

0.705

 Calendar year

−0.122190

0.166817

353.950

−0.732

0.464

Finland

     

 Constant term

−59.142933

311.996766

307.703

−0.190

0.850

 Female sex

3.608451

1.778953

155.630

2.028

0.044

 Calendar year

0.049886

0.155324

307.703

0.321

0.748

Greece

     

 Constant term

−892.527239

519.331793

93.956

−1.719

0.089

 Female sex

−0.405076

2.897113

68.342

−0.140

0.889

 Calendar year

0.464430

0.258636

93.954

1.796

0.076

Republic of South Africa

 Constant term

636.290049

640.320419

75.353

0.994

0.324

 Female sex

2.142126

2.784791

44.423

0.769

0.446

 Calendar year

−0.296861

0.318625

75.353

−0.932

0.354

Brazil

     

 Constant term

390.737458

494.198576

122.510

0.791

0.431

 Female sex

−1.389051

2.469821

73.141

−0.562

0.576

 Calendar year

−0.171769

0.245978

122.514

−0.698

0.486

Mexico

     

 Constant term

342.919947

496.145544

92.343

0.691

0.491

 Female sex

−0.070202

2.152566

68.580

−0.033

0.974

 Calendar year

−0.150281

0.246976

92.326

−0.608

0.544

Argentina

     

 Constant term

−133.127127

591.831333

31.764

−0.225

0.823

 Female sex

−2.442123

2.570733

24.433

−0.950

0.351

 Calendar year

0.086027

0.294531

31.768

0.292

0.772

India

     

 Constant term

647.670352

567.767634

57.387

1.141

0.259

 Female sex

−0.840896

2.566219

39.798

−0.328

0.745

 Calendar year

−0.302860

0.282792

57.372

−1.071

0.289

Israel

     

 Constant term

369.720687

818.353267

61.363

0.452

0.653

 Female sex

2.219258

4.361460

43.335

0.509

0.613

 Calendar year

−0.162596

0.407397

61.348

−0.399

0.691

Slovenia

     

 Constant term

−780.162274

551.609835

27.991

−1.414

0.168

 Female sex

−7.106008

2.764787

23.422

−2.570

0.017

 Calendar year

0.409617

0.274536

27.999

1.492

0.147

  1. Data for Non-African runners are sorted in order of the number of finishers of each country