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Table 6 Associations of relative income and consumption poverty with other indictors of economic utility

From: The economic status of older people’s households in urban and rural settings in Peru, Mexico and China: a 10/66 INDEP study cross-sectional survey

 

Peru, urban n = 139

Peru, rural n = 56

Mexico, urban

N = 190

Mexico, rural n = 167

China, urban

N = 171

China, rural

N = 110

Pooled estimates, Higgins I2 (heterogeneity %)

Associations with income poverty a

Car ownershipb

3.7 (0.7–20.4)

2.3 (0.7–8.4)

1.4 (0.9–2.2)

1.1 (0.3–4.5)

0.3 (0.0–2.1)

0.8 (0.5–1.4)

1.19 (0.86–1.64), 29.3 %

Number of assetsc

1.0 (0.9–1.1)

0.8 (0.7–1.0)

1.0 (0.9–1.1)

1.1 (1.0–1.2)

1.0 (0.9–1.1)

0.9 (0.8–1.0)

0.99 (0.95–1.03), 51.5 %

Number of bedroomsc

0.9 (0.8–1.0)

0.6 (0.5–0.8)

0.9 (0.7–1.1)

1.2 (0.9–1.5)

0.9 (0.7–1.1)

0.8 (0.6–1.2)

0.89 (0.82–0.96), 56.0 %

Lower occupational class of index older persond

3.4 (1.6–7.3)

5.2 (1.0–26.6)

1.0 (0.5–2.4)

1.0 (0.4–2.7)

2.1 (0.8–5.8)

0.2 (0.0–1.6)

1.74 (1.15–2.63), 58.3 %

Number of economic strain indicatorse

2.2 (1.1–4.3)

1.7 (0.9–3.3)

1.3 (0.8–2.1)

0.3 (0.2–0.6)

15.7 (5.5–44.8)

0.1 (0.0–0.3)

1.20 (0.90–1.60), 92.0 %

Perception of household economic situationd (higher scores indicate more negative perception)

7.4 (2.2–25.5)

10.8 (0.8–146.4)

3.4 (0.9–12.2)

1.1 (0.3–3.7)

4.7 (1.5–14.6)

0.1 (0.0–0.5)

2.30 (1.33–4.01), 79.4 %

Associations with consumption poverty f

Car ownershipb

Could not be estimated

Could not be estimated

0.5 (0.2–1.5)

0.1 (0.0–1.0)

1.6 (0.3–7.8)

0.4 (0.1–1.2)

0.47 (0.24–0.92), 39.3 %

Number of assetsc

0.9 (0.8–1.0)

0.9 (0.7–1.2)

0.9 (0.8–1.0)

0.9 (0.8–1.1)

1.0 (0.9–1.1)

0.9 (0.8–1.0)

0.93 (0.89–0.98), 0.0 %

Number of bedroomsc

1.1 (0.9–1.2)

0.9 (0.7–1.3)

0.8 (0.6–1.1)

0.9 (0.7–1.1)

1.1 (0.9–1.3)

0.9 (0.6–1.4)

1.01 (0.92–1.10), 17.4 %

Lower occupational class of index older persond

4.6 (0.6–37.7)

0.2 (0.1–0.6)

4.3 (1.4–13.1)

0.7 (0.2–2.3)

1.2 (0.3–4.3)

0.2 (0.0–1.5)

Urban sites

2.72 (1.25–5.92), 20.5 %

Rural sites

0.32 (0.14–0.69), 30.3 %

Number of economic strain indicatorse

2.3 (0.9–6.0)

1.3 (0.7–2.3)

0.7 (0.3–1.5)

0.9 (0.5–1.8)

Could not be estimated

2.2 (0.8–6.2)

1.20 (0.85–1.69), 31.7 %

Perception of household economic situationd (higher scores indicate more negative perception)

7.6 (1.5–36.9)

7.4 (2.7–20.7)

2.1 (0.5–9.1)

0.4 (0.1–2.1)

2.0 (0.7–5.7)

17.9 (2.7–118.6)

3.43 (1.98–5.95), 64.4 %

  1. aDefined as <60 % of median equivalised household income for that site
  2. bPrevalence ratio (Poisson regression)
  3. cCount ratio (Poisson regression)
  4. dOdds ratio (ordinal regression)
  5. eCount ratio (negative binomial regression)
  6. fDefined as <60 % of median equivalised household income for that site