The enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) program in liver surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

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Table 2 ERAS items used in the included studies

Study	Preoperative						Perioperative				Postoperative
Study	Preoperative counseling	Pre-operative feeding	Symbiotics	No bowel preparation	No pre-medication	Fluid restriction	Perioperative high O2 concentrations	Prevention of hypothermia	Epidural anesthesia	minimal invasive incisions	No routine use of NG tubes	No use of drains	Early post-operative mobilization	Early post-operative feeding	No systemic morphine use	Standard laxatives	Early removal of urine catheter
He et al. (2015)	√	√	√	√		√		√			√	√	√	√	√		√
Jones et al. (2013)	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√		√	√	√	√	√		√
Lu et al. (2014)	√	√	√	√		√		√		√	√	√	√	√			√
Ni et al. (2013)	√	√		√	√	√			√		√	√	√	√	√	√	√