Table 1 Case series
Author | Case no. | Gender | Age (years) | Ethnicity | Country | Disease | Kidney anomalies | Dermatoglyphic variables | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case | Parents | ||||||||
Fraumeni et al. (1967) | 1 | F | 11½ | NR | NR | USA | Wilms tumor (+congenital hemiarthropathy) | Nephroblastoma Histologically confirmed | Dermatoglyphic variables of palms and fingers were within normal limits and found no significant differences between the two sides |
2 | F | 16 | NR | NR | |||||
4 | F | 2 | NR | NR | |||||
5 | F | 7½ | NR | NR | |||||
Juberg et al. (1975) | 1 | M | 2 | NR | NR | USA | Wilms tumor | Histologically confirmed nephroblastoma | No dermatoglyphic abnormalities. Dermatoglyphics used to confirm monozygotic twining |
Freire-Maia et al. (1982) | 1 | M | 7 4/12 First child | M = 38 F = 25 | Brazilians (Caucasian ancestry) | Brazil | Neurofaciodigitorenal (NFDR) syndrome | Both kidneys with normal execratory function | Digital dermatoglyphics  Qualitative   Right hand: UL in digit (1, 2, 4, 5) and RL in digit 3   Left hand: DL in digit (1), UL in digit (2, 5), A in (3 and 4) Palmar dermatoglyphics  Qualitative   Both hands: axial triradius (t), no thenar pattern, no hypotherner, no interdigital, distal triradii (c absent)  Quantitative   Right hand: atd angle = 44°, ulnarity index = 0.57   Left hand: atd angle = 41°, ulnarity index = 0.48 |
|  | 2 | M | 5 Second child | M = 40 F = 27 |  |  |  | Absence of L kidney, anteversion of R kidney | Digital dermatoglyphics  Qualitative   Right hand: UL in digit (4, 5), RL in 1 and A in (2, 3)   Left hand: UL in digit (3, 4, 5), RL in 2, W in 1 Palmar dermatoglyphics  Qualitative   Right hand: no interdigitalpattern, distaltriradii (c absent)   Left hand: interdigital (Ld in ID 4)   Both hands: axial triradius (t), no thenar pattern, no hypotherner pattern  Quantitative   Right hand: atd angle = 32°, ulnarity index = 0.67   Left hand: atd angle = NR, ulnarity index = NR |
Passarge (1965) | 1 | M | 34 weeks | M = 26 | NR | NR | Potter’s syndrome | Kidneys and ureters were absent and only a rudimentary bladder was found | Palmar dermatoglyphics  Qualitative   Right hand: single palmar crease   Left hand: single palmar crease |
| Â | 2 | M | 32Â week 2Â h old | MÂ =Â 24 | NR | Absent kidney Ureters and bladder were normal | NR | ||
|  | 3 | F | 36 week | M = 26 | NR | The kidneys were large, and were cystic and dysplastic. The ureters and the bladder were norma | Palmar dermatoglyphics  Qualitative   Right hand: single transverse palmar  Creases   Left hand: single transverse palmar creases | ||
Robinow et al. (1982) | 4 | F | 9 | M = 30 | Puerto Rican | USA | Syndactyly type V | Hypoplastic pelvic kidney on the left Both collecting systems were dysmorphic | Digital dermatoglyphics  Qualitative   Right hand: A in digit 1–3, UL in digit 4–5   Left hand: A in all digits   Both hands: lacked distal   Single transverse creases, distally displaced axial triradii and greatly reduced number of distal palmar triradii |
Halal et al. (1984) | 1 | M | 45 | NR | NR | Canada | Acro–renal–ocular syndrome | Left crossed renal ectopia without fusion. Urinary tract anomaly | Digital dermatoglyphics  Qualitative   Right hand: W in all digit   Left hand: W in (1–4), UL in 5  Quantitative   Both hands: TRC = 210 (high) Palmar dermatoglyphics  Qualitative   Right hand: Palmar triradius t1, MLF: 7–11.9.7.4-t′-0.0.0.Ld.Ld Left hand: Palmar triradius t1, thenar/I1 pattern, MLF: 7–9.9.5″.3-t′-.W/0.0.Ld.Ld |
|  | 2 | M | 25 | NR | NR |  |  | Left paraurethral diverticulum | Digital dermatoglyphics  Qualitative   Right hand: UL in (3–5), A in 2nd, W in 1st   Left hand: UL in all digits  Quantitative   Both hands: TRC = 131 Palmar dermatoglyphics  Qualitative   Right hand: Palmar triradius t1, MLF: 9.7.5″.3-t-0.0.0.0.Ld   Left hand: Palmar triradius t1, Ulnar pattern ID area IV, MLF: 9.7.5″.3-t-0.0.0.0.Ld |
|  | 3 | F | 24 | NR | NR |  |  | Scaral right renal ectopia | Digital dermatoglyphics  Qualitative   Right hand: W in (1, 2, 4, 5), UL in 3rd   Left hand: UL in (1–3), W in (4, 5)  Quantitative   Both hands: TRC = 199 (high) Palmar dermatoglyphics  Qualitative   Right hand: Palmar triradius t1, MLF: 7.5″.5″.3-t′-0.V.0.0.Ld   Left hand: Palmar triradius t1, MLF: 5″-9.9.5″.3-t′-0.0.0.L.d.Ld   Both hands: thenar exist of A line |
|  | 4 | F | 22 | NR | NR |  |  | Malrotated right kidney | Digital dermatoglyphics  Qualitative   Right hand: UL in 2–5), absent D1   Left hand: W in (1, 2), UL in (3–5)  Quantitative   Both hands: TRC = 172 Palmar dermatoglyphics  Qualitative   Right hand: Palmar triradius t1, absence of axial triradius   MLF: 9.X.5″.4-abs-0.0.0.0.0   Left hand: Palmar triradius t1   MLF: 9–9.7.5″, I-t′-0.0.0.0.Ld.Ld   Both hands: thenar exist of A line |
|  | 5 | F | 21 | NR | NR |  |  | Left kidney (10 cm)is slightly smaller than right kidney (12.5) and malrotated | Digital dermatoglyphics  Qualitative   Right hand: UL in (1–3), W in (4, 5)   Left hand: LH: W in (2, 4, 5), UL in 4, A in 1  Quantitative   Both hands: TRC = 166 Palmar dermatoglyphics  Qualitative   Right hand: Palmar triradius t1 MLI: 9.7.5″.3-t′-0.0.0. Ld.0   Left hand: Palmar triradius t1   MLI: 7.9.5″.3-t-0.0.0.Ld.Ld |
|  | 6 | F | 17 | NR | NR |  |  | Left crossed renal ectopia without fusion urinary tract anomaly, VUR in the ectopic kidney | Digital dermatoglyphics  Qualitative   Right hand: UL in (2–5), W in 1   Left hand: UL in all digit  Quantitative   Both hands: TRC = 144 Palmar dermatoglyphics  Qualitative   Right hand: Palmar triradius t1   MLF: 7.5″.5′. I-t′-V.0.0.0.Ld   Left hand: Palmar triradius t1   Central pocket whorl pattern in ID area IV   MLF: 7.5″.5″. 3-t′-0.0.0.0.Wcpd   Both hands: thenar exist of A line |
|  | 7 | F | 2 month | NR | NR |  |  | VUR grade 11A | Digital dermatoglyphics  Qualitative   Right hand: UL in (3, 5), W in (1, 4), A in 2   RL pattern in extra thumb   Left hand: UL in (3, 4), W in (1, 5), RL in 2 Palmar dermatoglyphics  Qualitative   Right hand: Palmar triradius t1   MLF: 7-9.abs.5″. I-t′-Lr.0.0.0.Ld   Left hand: Palmar triradius t′   MLF: 7-9.abs.5″. I-t′-Lr.0.0.0.Ld   Both hands: Thenar exist of A line, absent C |
Philip et al. (1992) | 1 | M | 12 | M = 22 F = 32 | French | Japan | Kabuki make-up (Niikawa–Kuroki) syndrome | Horseshoe kidney | Digital dermatoglyphics  Qualitative   Both hands: fingertip ulnar loop10/10 Palmar dermatoglyphics  Qualitative   Right hand: missing triradius c, hypothenar loop   Left hand: missing triradius c, hypothenar loop |
|  | 2 | M | 8½ | M = 23 F = 29 | German |  |  | Abnormality + | Digital dermatoglyphics  Qualitative   Both hands: fingertip ulnar loop 9/10 Palmar dermatoglyphics  Qualitative   Right hand: missing triradius d, hypothenar loop   Left hand: missing triradius d, hypothenar loop |
|  | 3 | M | 3½ | M = 32 F = 38 | French |  |  | Mild urinary reflux | Digital dermatoglyphics  Qualitative   Both hands: fingertip ulnar loop9/10 Palmar dermatoglyphics  Qualitative   Right hand: hypothenar loop, interdigital triradius bc or cd   Left hand: hypothenar loop, missing triradius c |