Impact of preoperative extracorporeal membrane oxygenation on vasoactive inotrope score after implantation of left ventricular assist device

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Table 4 Change in vasoactive inotrope score and catecholamine dose in both groups

	Group	Baseline	End of CPB	30 min after CPB	60 min after CPB	End of surgery	p value^a
VIS	Non-ECMO group	13.2 (5.7–16.0)	22.1 (9.4–23.0)	16.8 (8.7–20.0)	16.3 (9.5–17.5)	14.7 (8.8–16.6)	0.030
VIS	ECMO group	13.4 (8.1–16.0)	24.9 (12.7–26.4)	24.7 (12.1–25.3)	26.1 (12.3–33.3)	25.5 (12.7–31.7)	0.030
DOA (µg/kg/min)	Non-ECMO group	3.3 (0–5.0)	3.8 (3.0–5.0)	3.8 (3.0–5.0)	3.8 (3.0–5.0)	3.8 (3.0–5.0)	0.250
	ECMO group	3.4 (1.8–4.9)	4.1 (3.0–5.0)	4.3 (3.3–5.0)	4.2 (3.0–5.0)	4.0 (3.0–5.0)	0.250
DOB (µg/kg/min)	Non-ECMO group	5.3 (3.5–7.0)	2.0 (0–3.5)	2.2 (0–3.9)	2.2 (0–4.0)	2.6 (0–4.4)	0.908
	ECMO group	5.0 (3.8–6.5)	2.2 (0–4.5)	2.3 (0–4.8)	2.2 (0–4.3)	2.5 (0–4.3)
NAD (µg/kg/min)	Non-ECMO group	0.02 (0–0)	0.10 (0–0.12)	0.08 (0–0.1)	0.07 (0–0.08)	0.05 (0–0.05)	0.044
	ECMO group	0.03 (0–0)	0.14 (0–0.13)	0.14 (0–0.15)	0.15 (0–0.17)	0.13 (0–0.18)
AD (µg/kg/min)	Non-ECMO group	0.001 (0–0)	0 (0–0)	0.001 (0–0)	0.001 (0–0)	0.004 (0–0)	0.162
	ECMO group	0.006 (0–0)	0.004 (0–0)	0 (0–0)	0 (0–0)	0.013 (0–0)
Milrinone (µg/kg/min)	Non-ECMO group	0.2 (0–0.4)	0.2 (0–0.4)	0.2 (0–0.4)	0.2 (0–0.4)	0.2 (0–0.4)	0.580
	ECMO group	0.1 (0–0.2)	0.2 (0–0.5)	0.2 (0–0.5)	0.2 (0–0.5)	0.2 (0–0.5)
Olprinone (µg/kg/min)	Non-ECMO group	0.004 (0–0)	0.1 (0–0)	0.05 (0–0)	0.05 (0–0)	0.05 (0–0)	0.847
	ECMO group	0.003 (0–0)	0.1 (0–0)	0.10 (0–0.3)	0.10 (0–0.3)	0.08 (0–0.2)

Data are presented as mean (1st quartile–3rd quartile)
VIS vasoactive inotrope score, CPB cardiopulmonary bypass, DOA dopamine, DOB dobutamine, NAD noradrenaline, AD adrenaline
^acompared between the non-ECMO group and the ECMO group