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Table 4 Multivariate logistic regression analysis examining the association between the three groups: CH, CHMH, MH, and internal (ICS) and external (ECS) coping strategies

From: Coping strategies among adolescents with chronic headache and mental health problems: a cross-sectional population-based study

Coping strategy (reference “not true”)

CH vs control OR (95 % CI)

CHMH vs control OR (95 % CI)

MH vs control OR (95 % CI)

N

15,828

15,463

16,487

ICS 1—Keep painful thoughts and feelings inside (reference “not true”)

1.22 (1.15–1.29)*

2.96 (2.81–3.12)*

1.65 (1.58–1.73)*

ICS 2—Work more with other things to avoid thinking bad thoughts

1.07 (1.05–1.08)*

0.80 (0.76–0.84)*

0.93 (0.89–0.98)

ICS 3—Using abusive substances when having bad thoughts or feelings

1.46 (1.42–1.49)*

2.39 (2.25–2.53)*

1.90 (1.86–1.95)*

ICS 4—Try to talk oneself out of problems

1.32 (1.29–1.37)*

2.00 (2.19–2.61)*

1.77 (1.73–1.80)*

ECS 1—Visit health care service when having bad thoughts or feelings

1.47 (1.34–1.61)*

2.39 (2.19–2.61)*

1.72 (1.65–1.79)*

ECS 2—Speak with family when having bad thoughts or feelings

0.83 (0.80–0.86)*

0.68 (0.64–0.73)*

0.70 (0.66–0.74)*

ECS 3—Speak with friends when having bad thoughts or feelings

0.82 (0.78–0.85)*

0.69 (0.67–0.71)*

0.66 (0.64–0.68)*

  1. The three groups are all compared to the control group having neither CH or MH. Analyses done with complex samples
  2. Cell values are odds ratios with 95 % confidence intervals
  3. Controlled for sex, grade, socio-economic status, lives with both parents, school-related stress and nation of origin
  4. ICS internal coping strategy, ECS external coping strategy
  5. * p ≤ 0.0017 significance limits based on pre-decided limits which are corrected for 28 multiple comparisons by dividing p = 0.05 by 30
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