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Table 4 Analytical levels of depression and context

From: Being alone and expectations lost: a critical realist study of maternal depression in South Western Sydney

Levels

Example of structures

Example of mechanisms

Example of contexts

Example of negative outcomes

Global economic

Multinational companies

Exploitation, profit

Advertising

Huggies advert of ideal motherhood

Cultural

Ethnic community

Segregation

Migration

Excluded by bonding networks

Social

Neighbourhood social capital

Relationships

Social networks

Isolation

Social

Family

Emotional support

Absent partner

Isolation

Psychological

Self

Relation to self

Isolation

Feeling overwhelmed and alone

Psychological

Self

Relation to self

Cannot sooth crying infant

Expectations of motherhood are lost

Psychological

Mind

Stress

Overwhelmed and alone

Depression, reduced motivation, anxiety

Biological

Body

Neurobiological

Reduced motivation

Hypoactivity of motivation areas