Table 1 Characteristics of the assessment tools of tactical knowledge in invasion sports

Game performance assessment instrument (GPAI)

6–14 years of age

Score a goal (finishing): keep possession of the ball, attack the opponent’s goal, create space in attack and use the space in attack. Prevent your opponent from scoring: defend the space, defend the goal line and get the ball back

Restart the game; throw the ball, corner kicks and free kicks

Invasion sports

Basketball, handball, soccer, etc

Performance assessment in team sports (TSAP)

+12–13 years of age

Evaluates among other factors: received balls (RB), conquered balls (CB), offensive balls (OB), successful shots (SS), volume of play (PB) or lost balls (LB)

Soccer, basketball, handball, or volleyball

Procedural tactical knowledge test (KORA)

6–12 years of age

General principles: try to create numerical superiority, to avoid numerical equality and not to allow numerical inferiority

Invasion sports

Soccer

Game performance evaluation tool (GPET)

6–14 years of age

Operational principles of play. Offensive: keep possession of the ball, advance towards the opponent’s field and score in the opponent’s goal. Defensive: regain possession of the ball. Prevent the opponent’s advance and protect your own goal and the opponent’s finishing

Invasion sports

Basketball, handball or soccer

System of tactical assessment in soccer (FUT–SAT)

More than 11–12 years of age

Fundamental principles of play. Offensive: penetration, offensive coverage, width and length, depth mobility and offensive unity. Defensive: delay, defensive coverage, balance, concentration and defensive unity

Soccer and futsal

Game performance analysis

More than 16 years of age

Specific principles of each team (these principles are not defined since they are different for each team)

Basketball, handball, soccer, rugby or volleyball