Table 6 Stress-checking of the crude oil pipeline
From: Stress analysis of parallel oil and gas steel pipelines in inclined tunnels
Loading conditions | Representation in CAESAR II | Stress type | Maximum stress value (MPa) | Location | Average stress value (MPa) | Stress check value (MPa) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Operating case of oil pipeline | W + P2 + T2 | Peak stress | 321.75 | Bend 3 | 305.85 | 551 × 0.9 = 495.90 |
Sustained case of oil pipeline | W + P2 | Primary stress | 309.13 | Fixed pier 1 | 297.78 | 551 × 0.75 = 413.25 |
Expansion case of oil pipeline | T2 | Secondary stress | 57.96 | Bend 2 | 34.94 | 551 × 0.72 = 396.72 |
Pigging case of oil pipeline | W + P2 + T2 + F2 | Peak stress | 321.76 | Bend 3 | 305.86 | 551 × 0.9 = 495.90 |
Pressure test case of oil pipeline | WW + T4 + HP | Peak stress | 470.70 | Bend 3 | 451.39 | 551 × 0.9 = 495.90 |