Table 4 Load cases
From: Stress analysis of parallel oil and gas steel pipelines in inclined tunnels
Loading conditions | Representation in CAESAR II | Stress type | Remark |
|---|---|---|---|
Operating case of gas pipeline | W + P1 + T1 | Peak stress | P1 = 10 MPa, T1 = 50 °C |
Operating case of oil pipeline | W + P2 + T2 | Peak stress | P2 = 9 MPa, T2 = 20 °C |
Sustained case of gas pipeline | W + P1 | Primary stress | P1 = 10 MPa |
Sustained case of oil pipeline | W + P2 | Primary stress | P2 = 9 MPa |
Expansion case of gas pipeline | T1 | Secondary stress | T1 = 50 °C |
Expansion case of oil pipeline | T2 | Secondary stress | T2 = 20 °C |
Pigging case of gas pipeline | W + P1 + T1 + F1 | Peak stress | P1 = 10 MPa, T1 = 50 °C |
Pigging case of oil pipeline | W + P2 + T2 + F2 | Peak stress | P2 = 9 MPa, T2 = 20 °C |
Pressure test case of gas pipeline | WW + T3 + HP | Peak stress | T3 = 15 °C, HP = 15 MPa |
Pressure test case of oil pipeline | WW + T4 + HP | Peak stress | T4 = 15 °C, HP = 13.5 MPa |
Earthquake action case | W + P+ T + U i | Peak stress | U represents earthquake acceleration, i represents the direction of earthquake action |