Table 1 Background characteristics of the study subjects according to H. pylori infection
Characteristic | Total (n = 5165) | H. pylori | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Uninfected (n = 3287) | Infected (n = 1878) | p | ||
Age (years) | ||||
 Mean ± SD | 52.5 ± 10.3 | 50.7 ± 10.3 | 55.8 ± 9.6 | <0.001 |
 Range | 35–69 | 35–69 | 35–69 |  |
Sex, n (%) | ||||
 Men | 1467 (28.4) | 891 (27.1) | 576 (30.7) | 0.006 |
 Women | 3698 (71.6) | 2396 (72.9) | 1302 (69.3) |  |
Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | ||||
 Current | 156 (3.0) | 84 (2.6) | 72 (3.8) | 0.07 |
 Former | 34 (0.7) | 20 (0.6) | 14 (0.8) |  |
 None | 4975 (96.3) | 3183 (96.8) | 1792 (95.4) |  |
Education, n (%) | ||||
 ≤12 years | 2088 (40.4) | 1213 (36.9) | 875 (46.6) | <0.001 |
 ≥13–15 years | 1535 (29.7) | 1025 (31.2) | 510 (27.2) |  |
 ≥16 years | 1524 (29.5) | 1037 (31.5) | 487 (25.9) |  |
 Unknown | 18 (0.4) | 12 (0.4) | 6 (0.3) |  |
Alcohol use, n (%) | ||||
 Current | 2798 (54.2) | 1809 (55.0) | 989 (52.6) | 0.24 |
 Former | 105 (2.0) | 61 (1.9) | 44 (2.4) |  |
 Never | 2261 (43.8) | 1416 (43.1) | 845 (45.0) |  |
 Unknown | 1 (0.02) | 1 (0.03) | 0 (0.0) |  |
Smoking status, n (%) | ||||
 Current | 609 (11.8) | 371 (11.3) | 238 (12.7) | 0.10 |
 Former | 1025 (19.8) | 636 (19.3) | 389 (20.7) |  |
 Never | 3530 (68.3) | 2280 (69.4) | 1250 (66.6) |  |
 Unknown | 1 (0.02) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.05) |  |
BMI (kg/m2)a | ||||
 Mean ± SD | 21.7 ± 3.2 | 21.6 ± 3.2 | 21.9 ± 3.2 | 0.002 |
 Range | 11.5–52.8 | 13.6–42.4 | 11.5–52.8 |  |
Energy intake (kcal/day) | ||||
 Mean ± SD | 1612 ± 326 | 1611 ± 324 | 1614 ± 329 | 0.35 |
Physical activity (MET-hours/day) | ||||
 Mean ± SD | 14.5 ± 9.0 | 14.3 ± 8.9 | 14.8 ± 9.1 | 0.09 |