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Table 2 Indices of students’ affective characteristics of Malaysia and Singapore

From: Malaysian and Singaporean students’ affective characteristics and mathematics performance: evidence from PISA 2012

Characteristics

Malaysia

Singapore

Mathematics self-efficacy

−0.25 (0.02)

0.47 (0.02)

Mathematics self-concept

0.11 (0.02)

0.22 (0.02)

Instrumental motivation

0.53 (0.02)

0.40 (0.02)

Intrinsic motivation

0.91 (0.02)

0.84 (0.02)

Mathematics anxiety

0.38 (0.03)

−0.10 (0.03)

  1. Mean scores and standard error (parentheses) were extracted from OECD 2013 Report (Volume II). All indexes were standardised to have a mean of 0 and standard deviation of 1 across OECD countries
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