Table 6 Response of protection scheme for phase(s) to ground faults with Rf = 5 Ω and phase(s) to phase fault cases, with Rf = 0 Ω at different fault inception angles
Fault type | Inception angle (Φi) in degree | La (actual location) in km | Output of proposed classifier | Relay operation time (ms) | Lf (estimated location) in km | Error (%) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
a | b | c | d | e | f | g | ||||||
dg | 25° | 34 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 9.163 | 33.939 | −0.089 |
bcg | 50° | 34 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 12.495 | 34.459 | 0.675 |
bcdg | 75° | 34 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 9.163 | 33.907 | −0.137 |
acefg | 100° | 34 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7.497 | 34.121 | 0.178 |
abcefg | 125° | 34 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9.996 | 33.664 | −0.494 |
abcdefg | 200° | 34 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8.330 | 34.305 | 0.449 |
ab | 240° | 34 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9.996 | 33.608 | −0.576 |
abc | 260° | 34 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9.996 | 33.713 | −0.422 |
abef | 280° | 34 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 7.497 | 33.635 | −0.537 |
abdef | 310° | 34 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 9.163 | 34.435 | 0.639 |
abcdef | 360° | 34 | 1 | 0.99 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 7.497 | 34.421 | 0.619 |