Table 4 Response of protection scheme for faults at different location
Fault type | La (actual location) in km | Output of classifier | Relay operation time (ms) | Lf (estimated location) in km | Error (%) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
a | b | c | d | e | f | g | |||||
e.g. | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 9.163 | 3.729 | −0.399 |
afg | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 7.497 | 9.217 | 0.319 |
adfg | 14 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 7.497 | 13.533 | −0.688 |
abdeg | 19 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 7.497 | 19.139 | 0.204 |
abcdfg | 24 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 7.497 | 24.373 | 0.548 |
abcdefg | 32 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8.330 | 32.135 | 0.199 |
de | 36 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 12.495 | 36.404 | 0.594 |
abe | 41 | 1 | 0.99 | 0 | 0 | 0.99 | 0 | 0 | 9.996 | 41.301 | 0.443 |
abce | 52 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 9.996 | 51.990 | −0.015 |
acdef | 58 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 9.163 | 57.618 | −0.562 |
abcdef | 64 | 1 | 0.99 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 9.163 | 63.979 | −0.031 |