Table 2 Response of protection scheme for close-in phase(s) to ground faults with Φi = 0º, Rf = 5 Ω and remote phase(s) to phase fault with Φi = 0º, Rf = 0 Ω
Fault type | La (actual location) in km | Output of classifier | Relay operation time (ms) | Lf (estimated location) in km | Error (%) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
a | b | c | d | e | f | g | |||||
ag | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 9.163 | 0.801 | −0.293 |
bfg | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 9.163 | 2.018 | 0.026 |
abcg | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 9.996 | 0.801 | −0.293 |
abcdg | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 9.996 | 2.192 | 0.282 |
abcefg | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9.996 | 0.805 | −0.287 |
abcdefg | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9.996 | 1.979 | −0.031 |
ab | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12.495 | 0.801 | −0.293 |
acd | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9.163 | 2.062 | 0.091 |
abcf | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 11.662 | 0.822 | −0.262 |
abcdf | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 8.330 | 1.994 | −0.008 |
abcdef | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 11.662 | 0.828 | −0.253 |