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Fig. 3 | SpringerPlus

Fig. 3

From: Simultaneous quantification of salivary 3-hydroxybutyrate, 3-hydroxyisobutyrate, 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyrate, and 2-hydroxybutyrate as possible markers of amino acid and fatty acid catabolic pathways by LC–ESI–MS/MS

Fig. 3

Productive pathway of 2HB from αKB in the sulfur-containing amino acid metabolic pathway. Cystathionine, a metabolite of homocysteine, is metabolized to αKB and CYS. αKB is transported into the mitochondrion and converted to PP-CoA, a precursor of Suc-CoA, and is also reversibly converted to 2HB by 2HBDH. 2HB leaks into extracellular fluid. 2HB 2-hydroxybutyrate, 2HBDH 2HB dehydrogenase, αKB α-ketobutyrate, αKADH α-keto acid dehydrogenase, CYS cysteine, GSH glutathione, HCY homocysteine, Inner m. mitochondrial inner membrane, LDH lactate dehydrogenase, MET methionine, Outer m. mitochondrial outer membrane, PDH pyruvate dehydrogenase, Plasma m. plasma membrane, PP-CoA propionyl-CoA, SAM S-adenosyl methionine, SAH S-adenosyl homocysteine, SER serine, SDH serine/threonine dehydrase, Suc-CoA succinyl-CoA, THR threonine

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