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Fig. 1 | SpringerPlus

Fig. 1

From: Simultaneous quantification of salivary 3-hydroxybutyrate, 3-hydroxyisobutyrate, 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyrate, and 2-hydroxybutyrate as possible markers of amino acid and fatty acid catabolic pathways by LC–ESI–MS/MS

Fig. 1

Productive pathways of 3HB from fatty acids and ketogenic amino acids. Acyl-CoA derived from fatty acids is metabolized to Ac-CoA through β-oxidation pathway in the mitochondria. Ac-CoA in the liver is further metabolized to ketone bodies (acetoacetate, 3HB, and acetone) to supply energy to non-hepatic tissues when blood glucose level is low. Ketone bodies can be also metabolized from ketogenic amino acids, which are metabolized to intermediates in fatty acids β-oxidation, Ac-CoA or HMG-CoA via the respective catabolic pathway. 3HB is the most stable in blood among the ketone bodies. 3HB 3-hydroxybutyrate, 3HBDH 3HB dehydrogenase, Ac-CoA acetyl-CoA, AcetoAc-CoA acetoacetyl-CoA, FFA fatty acids, HMG-CoA 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA, HMGCL HMG-CoA lyase, HMGCS HMG-CoA synthase, ILE isoleucine, Inner m. mitochondria inner membrane, LEU leucine, LYS lysine, Outer m. mitochondrial outer membrane, Plasma m. plasma membrane, THR threonine, TRP tryptophan, TYR tyrosine

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