Table 2 Indications for intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (N = 232)
From: Complications related to intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography in liver transplantation
Indication | No. of patients (%) |
|---|---|
Combined CABG and OLT | 2 (0.9) |
Hemodynamic instability | 32 (13.8) |
Hemodynamic monitoring | 122 (52.6) |
Known history | |
Abnormal stress test | 11 (4.7) |
Abnormal ventricular wall motion | 5 (2.2) |
Aortic root dilatation, severe | 1 (0.4) |
Aortic stenosis, moderate and severe | 7 (3.0) |
Cardiac arrhythmia | 12 (5.2) |
Cardiac amyloidosis | 1 (0.4) |
Congestive heart failure or coronary artery disease | 13 (5.6) |
Flail mitral valve | 1 (0.4) |
Intracardiac thrombus | 1 (0.4) |
Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction | 1 (0.4) |
Mitral regurgitation, severe | 1 (0.4) |
Myocardial infarct, remote | 7 (3.0) |
Pericardial effusion | 3 (1.3) |
Portopulmonary hypertension | 2 (0.9) |
Systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve | 5 (2.2) |
Ventricular or atrial septal defect | 5 (2.2) |