Table 1 Reported syntheses of anthocyanidins

Salicylaldehyde, acetophenone, HBF₄, HOAc, acetic anhydride, 60 °C, 12 h

40–58, 23–78

Katritzky et al. (1998), Gomes et al. (2009)

Salicylaldehyde, acetophenone, BF₃ etherate, neat

81

Kuhnert et al. (2001)

Salicylaldehyde, acetophenone, H₂SO₄, HOAc, overnight

40–88

Calogero et al. (2013)

Salicylaldehyde, acetophenone, EtOAc, HCl gas, 0 °C, 3 days

56–75, 55–84

Mora-Soumille et al. (2013), Mas (2003)

Salicylaldehyde, acetophenone, HPF₆, HOAc, 2 days

89

Kueny-Stotz et al. (2008)

Salicylaldehyde, acetophenone, HCl gas, formic acid, 5 h

56

Moncada et al. (2004), Michaelidis and Wizinger (1951)

Salicylaldehyde, benzaldehyde, ethyl chloroformate, HClO₄, 1–12 h

49–95

Sato et al. (1999)

Salicylideneacetophenone, HBF₄OEt₂ or HOTf in Et₂O

62–67

Fichtner et al. (2001)

Phenol, arylethynylketone, HPF₆, HOAc, r.t.

82–99

Kueny-Stotz et al. (2007)