Table 3 Model parameter F-values, significance level, and estimates of environmental differences, heterosis, and differences between F1 and check hybrids for FD, FA, RA, and SD

Effect

DF

FD

FA

RA

SD

ENV

1

512.27***

283.89***

0.00

89.99***

Reps (ENV)

4

0.38

2.19

2.10

1.28

Effect of lines per se

11

12.80***

10.14***

11.54***

4.94***

GCA

11

0.93

1.23

1.56

1.57

SCA

54

1.76**

1.98***

2.39***

0.97

Checks

7

3.89**

3.87**

6.70***

1.71

Line × ENV

11

4.72***

2.95**

3.30**

2.44*

Heterosis × ENV

1

0.11

23.20***

10.54**

0.30

F1 vs. Checks × ENV

1

0.04

2.13

2.78

1.33

Checks × ENV

4

4.14*

3.96*

2.34

0.71

Residual covariance

395

4.88 × 10⁻⁴

1.177 × 10⁸

49.00

568.99

Estimate

Estimate [standard error]

2007 vs. 2010

1

−0.074***

10.2116***

0.1

−32.6***

[0.003]

[7.3873]

[1.0]

[3.6]

Mean heterosis, (F₁s vs. Inbreds)

1

0.038***

10.0434***

14.5***

2.3

[0.003]

[7.2410]

[0.9]

[3.1]

F₁s vs. Checks

1

−0.004

8.5524*

5.2***

−5.8

[0.004]

[7.5104]

[1.2]

[4.0]