Exercise training improves heart rate recovery in women with breast cancer

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Table 2 Anthropometrics, metabolic and hormonal, cardiopulmonary and autonomic parameters

	Trained group (n = 25)		P-value	Control group (n = 26)		P-value	Differences in changes between groups
	Baseline	1-year	P-value	Baseline	1-year	P-value	Differences in changes between groups
Anthropometrics
Waist circumference (cm)	94 ± 15	90 ± 13	0.005	94 ± 12	95 ± 12	0.88	<0.001
Body mass index (kg/m²)	27.3 ± 5.2	26.6 ± 4.9	0.02	28.2 ± 4.8	28.3 ± 5.4	0.67	<0.001
Metabolic and hormonal profile
Glycemia (mg/dl)	93.5 ± 12.5	92.8 ± 13	0.61	92.2 ± 15.5	90.6 ± 18.1	0.63	0.44
Insulin (ng/ml)	7.8 ± 4.0	8.0 ± 5.0	0.74	8.2 ± 2.2	7.9 ± 3.1	0.71	0.88
HOMA index	1.739 ± 1.403	1.822 ± 0.629	0.51	1.925 ± 0.908	1.825 ± 0.477	0.61	0.77
Total cholesterol (mg/dl)	205 ± 34	200 ± 29	0.66	203 ± 32	210 ± 26	0.42	0.62
LDL-cholesterol (mg/dl)	126 ± 35	122 ± 30	0.36	123 ± 29	126 ± 35	0.22	0.29
HDL-cholesterol (mg/dl)	54.3 ± 11.6	55.5 ± 9.7	0.78	54.8 ± 12.7	50.1 ± 8.7	0.19	0.52
Triglycerides (mg/dl)	100 ± 43	108 ± 42	0.53	109 ± 52	119 ± 46	0.60	0.41
Testosterone (nmol/l)	0.36 ± 0.36	0.40 ± 0.16	0.21	0.38 ± 0.26	0.33 ± 0.19	0.49	0.42
Cardiopulmonary parameters
VO_2peak (ml/kg/min)	12.6 ± 3.0	14.5 ± 3.3	<0.001	12.8 ± 2.5	12.6 ± 2.8	0.55	<0.001
O₂-pulse (ml/kg/min/beat-1)	6.2 ± 1.2	6.9 ± 1.2	<0.001	6.0 ± 1.4	6.2 ± 1.2	0.39	<0.001
VE/VCO_2slope	29.7 ± 4.4	30.9 ± 3.9	0.12	30.1 ± 3.8	31.3 ± 4.9	0.46	0.44
Autonomic function
Heart rate recovery	17.6 ± 6.4	23.0 ± 8.3	<0.001	16.4 ± 7.7	17.4 ± 7.8	0.35	<0.001

HOMA homeostatic assessment model, LDL low-density lipoprotein, HDL high-density lipoprotein, VE/VCO _2slope the minute ventilation-carbon dioxide production, VO _2peak peak oxygen consumption.