Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study participants
Factor | Characteristic | Healthy | BPH | PCa | P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | Mean (SE) | n | Mean (SE) | n | Mean (SE) | |||
Age, years | – | 50 | 63.22 (1.01) | 30 | 65.57 (1.66) | 32 | 66.06 (1.61) | ns |
DRE findings | Normal | – | – | 11 | – | 04 | – | – |
Non-palpable | – | – | 19 | – | 09 | – | – | |
Nodule | – | – | – | – | 19 | – | – | |
Biopsy findings | PCa | – | – | 00 | – | 32 | – | – |
BPH | – | – | 30 | – | 00 | – | – | |
Gleason score | GS ≤7 | – | – | – | – | 16 | – | ns |
GS >7 | – | – | – | – | 16 | – | ns | |
History of hypertension | Yes | 21 | – | 14 | – | 15 | – | ns |
No | 29 | – | 16 | – | 17 | – | ns | |
History of diabetes | Yes | 22 | – | 15 | – | 14 | – | ns |
No | 28 | – | 15 | – | 18 | – | ns | |
Body mass index | ≥25 | 27 | – | 16 | – | 16 | – | ns |
<25 | 23 | – | 14 | – | 16 | – | ns | |
Smokersc | Yes | 18 | – | 10 | – | 13 | – | ns |
No | 32 | – | 20 | – | 19 | – | ns | |
Chewersd | Yes | 25 | – | 19 | – | 19 | – | ns |
No | 25 | – | 11 | – | 13 | – | ns | |
Alcohol drinkers | Yes | 28 | – | 16 | – | 14 | – | ns |
No | 22 | – | 14 | – | 18 | – | ns | |
sPSA ng/ml | 0–4 | 50 | 0.98 (0.12)a | 17 | 2.05 (0.27)a | 03 | 1.86 (0.84) | <0.05 |
>4–10 | – | – | 06 | 7.45 (0.67) | 04 | 7.33 (1.17) | ns | |
>10 | – | – | 07 | 49.78 (30.42) | 25 | 87.99 (21.92) | ns | |
sPSP94 ng/ml | 50 | 18.07 (1.06)b | 30 | 28.17 (2.44 )a,b | 32 | 19.68 (1.98)a | <0.05 | |