Table 1 Crop management used for various treatments from 1983 to 2013 at the experimental site
From: Dryland soil chemical properties and crop yields affected by long-term tillage and cropping sequence
Management | NTCW | STCW | FSTCW | FSTW-B/P | STW-F |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Crops | Continuous spring wheat | Continuous spring wheat | Continuous spring wheat | Spring wheat–barley (1984–1999), spring wheat–pea (2000–2013) | Spring wheat-fallow |
Tillage | No-tillage | Field cultivator in April | Field cultivator in April, tandem disk in September | Field cultivator in April, tandem disk in September | Field cultivator in April, tandem disk in September, and as needed in other times |
Planting | Late April–early May | Late April–early May | Late April–early May | Late April–early May | Late April–early May |
N fertilizer | 56 kg N ha−1 (1984–1985) and 34 kg N ha−1 (1986–1996) as NH4NO3, 70 kg N ha−1 (1997–2013) as urea and monoammonium phosphate (MAP) | 56 kg N ha−1 (1984–1985) and 34 kg N ha−1 (1986–1996) as NH4NO3, 70 kg N ha−1 (1997–2013) as urea and MAP | 56 kg N ha−1 (1984–1985) and 34 kg N ha−1 (1986–1996) as NH4NO3, 70 kg N ha−1 (1997–2013) as urea and MAP | Wheat: 56 kg N ha−1 (1984–1985) and 34 kg N ha−1 (1986–1996) as NH4NO3, 70 kg N ha−1 (1997–2013) as urea and MAP Barley: 56 kg N ha−1 (1984–1985) and 34 kg N ha−1 (1986–1996) as NH4NO3, 70 kg N ha−1 (1997–1999) as urea and MAP Pea: 5 kg N ha−1 as MAP (2000–2013) | 34 kg N ha−1 (1984–1996) as NH4NO3, 70 kg N ha−1 (1997–2013) as urea and MAP to wheat |
P fertilizer | 46 kg P ha−1 (1984–1996), 29 kg P ha−1 (1997–2013) | 46 kg P ha−1 (1984–1996), 29 kg P ha−1 (1997–2013) | 46 kg P ha−1 (1984–1996), 29 kg P ha−1 (1997–2013) | 46 kg P ha−1 (1984–1996), 29 kg P ha−1 (1997–2013) to all crops | 46 kg P ha−1 (1984–1996), 29 kg P ha−1 (1997–2013) to wheat |
K fertilizer | No K fertilizer (1984–1996); 48 kg K ha−1 (1997–2013) | No K fertilizer (1984–1996); 48 kg K ha−1 (1997–2013) | No K fertilizer (1984–1996); 48 kg K ha−1 (1997–2013) | No K fertilizer (1984–1996); 48 kg K ha−1 (1997–2013) to all crops | No K fertilizer (1984–1996); 48 kg K ha−1 (1997–2013) to wheat |
Varieties and seed rate | Lew (1983–1996), McNeal (1997–2005), Reeder (2006–2009), Vida (2010–2013) at 74 kg ha−1 | Lew (1983–1996), McNeal (1997–2005), Reeder (2006–2009), Vida (2010–2013) at 74 kg ha−1 | Lew (1983–1996), McNeal (1997–2005), Reeder (2006–2009), Vida (2010–2013) at 74 kg ha−1 | Wheat: Lew (1983–1996), McNeal (1997–1999) at 74 kg ha−1, Barley: Certified tradition (1984–1999) at 84 kg ha−1, Pea: Majoret (2000–2009) and Cruiser (2010–2013) at 160 kg ha−1 | Lew (1983–1996), McNeal (1997–2005), Reeder (2006–2009), Vida (2010–2013) at 74 kg ha−1 |
Weed control | Herbicide | Herbicide and tillage | Herbicide and tillage | Herbicide and tillage | Herbicide and tillage |
Harvest | Grain: Bundle sample (5 m2, 1984–1995), Swathe (15–45 m2, 1996–2013) in July–August. Biomass 1 m2 in July–August | Grain: Bundle sample (5 m2, 1984–1995), Swathe (15–45 m2, 1996–2013) in July–August. Biomass 1 m2 in July–August | Grain: Bundle sample (5 m2, 1984–1995), Swathe (15–45 m2, 1996–2013) in July–August. Biomass 1 m2 in July–August | Grain: Bundle sample (5 m2, 1984–1995), Swathe (15–45 m2, 1996–2013) in July–August. Biomass 1 m2 in July–August | Grain: Bundle sample (5 m2, 1984–1995), Swathe (15–45 m2, 1996–2013) in July–August. Biomass 1 m2 in July–August |