Antidiabetic, antioxidant, antihyperlipidemic effect of extract of Euryale ferox salisb. with enhanced histopathology of pancreas, liver and kidney in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats

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Table 2 Effect of Euryale ferox salisb. seed extract (EFx) on plasma insulin level in normal and STZ induced and treated diabetic rats

Groups	Plasma insulin level in µM at different time interval of experimentation
Groups	At start (on 1st day)	On 21st day	On 45th day
Normal rats [untreated with dimethylsulfoxide, (DMSO)] Group 1	12.22 ± 0.2028^a	12.37 ± 0.1772^a	12.39 ± 0.1154^a
Diabetic control [administered with Streptozotocin (STZ)] Group 2	3.710 ± 0.1482^b	3.136 ± 0.01208^b	3.034 ± 0.02482^b
Diabetic + (EFx) (100 mg/kg body weight) Group 3	4.260 ± 0.1040	5.812 ± 0.03929	6.822 ± 0.02596
Diabetic + (EFx) (200 mg/kg body weight) Group 4	4.250 ± 0.02168	6.028 ± 0.005831	7.936 ± 0.02542
Diabetic + (EFx) (300 mg/kg body weight) Group 5	4.806 ± 0.03655	7.058 ± 0.03277	9.496 ± 0.1394^**
Diabetic + (EFx) (400 mg/kg body weight) Group 6	4.896 ± 0.02786	9.136 ± 0.04854^**	11.66 ± 0.1689^***
Diabetic + glibenclamide (1 mg/kg body weight) Group 7	5.058 ± 0.03382	9.734 ± 0.09304^**	12.34 ± 0.1080^***

The data are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = number of animals in each group = 5). The comparisons has been made by one way ANOVA followed by Dunnent’s test.
ns non-significant, STZ Streptozotocin.
* p < 0.05 is considered as significant when compared to the control group (0 h).
** p < 0.001 is considered as very significant when compared to the control group (0 h).
*** p < 0.001 is considered as extremely significant when compared to the control group (0 h).
^a Compared to diabetic control.
^bCompared to normal control.