Perception of climate change and its impact by smallholders in pastoral/agropastoral systems of Borana, South Ethiopia

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Table 1 Pastoralist/agropastoralists perceptions of existence and direction of changes in overall climate, temperature and rainfall over the past 20 years in the Borana lowlands Ethiopia

Change category	Overall perception	Perception by age group in years				Perception by production system
Change category	Overall perception	23-30	31-60	61-91	χ ² test P value	Pastoral	Agropastoral	χ ² test P value
		% of respondents (n)			χ ² test P value	% of respondents (n)		χ ² test P value
Changes in climate	96(459)	86(37)	97(311)	98(111)	0.00^**	98(232)	96(227)	0.31^ns
Increase in temperature	66(312)	46(20)	69(221)	63(71)	0.00^**	68(162)	63(150)	0.41^ns
Decrease in temperature	1(6)	0(0)	1(4)	2(2)	0.00^**	1(1)	2(5)	0.15^ns
More extremes in temperature	28(132)	37(16)	26(82)	30(34)	0.00^**	28(67)	27(65)	0.59^ns
Increase in rainfall	2(10)	0(0)	2(6)	4(4)	0.00^**	0(0)	4(9)	0.03^*
Decrease in rainfall	94(448)	86(37)	96(305)	94(106)	0.00^**	97(230)	92(218)	0.00^**

Perceptions are subdivided by age and type of production system. Values are presented as a percentage of the group followed by number of respondents in brackets (overall N = 475)