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Table 3 Adjusted odds ratios of developing anemia (serum Hb <10 g/dL)

From: Predictors of anemia in a multi-ethnic chronic kidney disease population: a case–control study

Parameters

Adjusted OR

P-value

(95 % confidence interval)

Demographics

  

Gender

  

  Male

1.00 (Reference)

 

  Female

0.90 (0.44 – 1.87)

0.786

 Race

  

  Chinese

1.00 (Reference)

 

  Malay

1.87 (0.77 – 4.56)

0.170

  Indian

1.49 (0.42 – 5.34)

0.537

  Others

2.16 (0.62 – 7.54)

0.228

Clinical data

  

 CKD stage

  

  Stage 1 & 2

1.00 (Reference)

 

  Stage 3

0.99 (0.23 – 4.19)

0.991

  Stage 4

1.68 (0.41 – 6.86)

0.473

  Stage 5

16.76 (3.49 – 80.52)

<0.001*

Laboratory data

  

  Previous Hb, g/dL

0.32 (0.23 – 0.44)

<0.001*

Medical conditions

  

  Hematological disorders

18.61 (8.44 – 41.07)

<0.001*

  Respiratory disorders

4.54 (1.61 – 12.83)

0.004*

Medications

  

 Use of iron supplements

  

  No

1.00 (Reference)

 

  Yes

0.44 (0.21 – 0.93)

0.031*

  1. * P < 0.05