Table 4 Mean (median; 95 % CI) costs of children with ADHD and parents per month (in Euro 2012)

Children

Direct Medical costs

Doctor’s consultations**

114 (30)

96 (0; 78 – 115)

153 (95; 123 – 193)

0.004

Trainings

126

106 (0; 69–148)

171 (0; 117 – 240)

0.068

Day-care treatment

73

51 (0; 11–84)

122 (0; 32 – 218)

0.144

Hospitalization

41

41 (0; −10 – 93)

41 (0; −37 – 125)

0.999

Medication

26 (12)

27 (12; 25–30)

24 (12; 20 – 29)

0.300

Diet

5

4 (0; 2 – 5)

6 (0; 4 – 10)

0.145

Total direct medical costs

386 (109)

326 (96; 222–422)

518 (145; 334–691)

0.068

Direct non-medical costs

Weekend care

83

80 (0; 59 – 104)

91 (0; 60 – 122)

0.578

Remedial teaching at school

142 (110)

132 (0; 114 – 151)

165 (110; 137–194)

0.045

Care after-school

6

6 (0; 3 – 9)

7 (0; 2 – 12)

0.638

Total direct non-medical costs

232 (110)

218 (110; 191–253)

290 (150; 224–315)

0.090

Indirect non-medical costs

Agency for child welfare

10

6 (0; 3 – 9)

20 (0; 9 – 20)

<0.001

Police

0

0 (0; 0 – 0)

1 (0; 0 – 1)

0.154

Special Education

30 (28)

28 (0; 23 – 33)

36 (0; 28 – 45)

0.090

Total indirect non-medical costs

41

34 (0; 28 – 40)

57 (0; 46–68)

<0.001

Total costs children

658 (322)

578 (266; 465–691)

839 (511; 648–1029)

0.021

Parents

Direct Medical costs

Doctor’s consultations*^,**

60

47 (0; 39 – 57)

88 (33; 69–108)

<0.001

Trainings

93

81 (0; 54 – 109)

118 (0; 74 – 166)

0.145

Medication

1.60

0.93 (0; 0.5 – 1.3)

3.1 (0; 2 – 4)

<0.001

Total direct medical costs

154

130 (0; 98 – 162)

211 (82; 153–269)

0.010

Indirect non-medical costs

Productivity losses due to absenteeism and presenteeism

136

116 (0; 74 – 159)

181 (0; 113 – 259)

0.092

Total costs parents

292 (65)

246 (21; 191–300)

399 (182; 298–482)

0.006

Children and parents together

Total costs

948 (524)

824 (412; 690–957)

1228 (740; 1003–1453)

0.002