Table 2 Qualitative imaging findings and quantitative measurements with NHL and SCC of maxillary sinus

Qualitative Imaging Findings on CT

(n = 12)

(n = 29)

  Permeative

6 (50)^a

3 (10)

  Destructive

4 (33)

24 (83)^aa

  Expansile

2 (17)

2 (7)

 Remaining sinus wall within the tumor

11 (92)^a

10 (34)

0.001

 Intratumoral necrosis

2 (17)

25 (86)^aa

< 0.001

 Cervical lymphadenopathy

4 (33)

4 (14)

0.158

  Nasal cavity

9 (75)

22 (76)

0.622

  Orbit

6 (50)

19 (66)

0.281

  Subcutaneous tissue

9 (75)

17 (59)

0.266

  Retroantral fat pad

10 (83)

24 (83)

0.672

  Pterygoid process

2 (17)

10 (34)

0.226

  Perineural spread

1 (8)

6 (21)

0.323

  Intracranial

1 (8)

3 (10)

0.668

Quantitative Measurements on MRI

(n = 4)

(n = 17)

 T1–weighted images

0.89 ± 0.09

0.96 ± 0.18

0.457

 T2–weighted images

1.10 ± 0.21

1.07 ± 0.25

0.813

 Diffusion-weighted images

1.64 ± 0.68

1.13 ± 0.31

0.227

 ADC (×10⁻³ mm²/s)

0.61 ± 0.09^aaa

0.95 ± 0.12

< 0.001

Quantitative Measurements on PET/CT

(n = 7)

(n = 15)

 SUVmax

20.8 ± 7.4

17.4 ± 5.4

0.517