| | |
31.0
|
Rupelian C12
| |
|
H
16
|
34.5
| | |
• Commencement of Antarctic Glaciation
|
|
• Mass Extinction (34-23Ma: 21% Genera)
|
|
E
1
|
46.1
|
46.6
|
Lutetian C21
|
• Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Max
|
|
(Phase 1 13.2Ma Loop)
|
56.0
|
55.0
| |
• Mass Extinction (55.8-33.9:Ma 31% Genera)
|
|
E
2
|
65.9
|
65.5
|
29R Maastrichtian
|
• N-R Polarity Reversal
|
|
• Major Cretaceous/ Tertiary Extinction (65.5Ma: 47% Genera)
|
|
W
19
|
92.7
|
83
|
Cenomanian-Turonia
|
• Extinction (94-89Ma: 27% Genera)
|
|
• Cretaceous Warming Maximum
|
|
H
19
|
118.7
|
119
|
Aptian
Cretaceous Normal Polarity Superchron
|
• Extinction (125-112Ma: 19% Genera)
|
| | | |
M3r Barremian
|
• R-N Polarity Reversal (119Ma-83Ma)
|
|
E
3
|
131.9
|
131
|
M11r Valanginian
|
Late Jurassic Warm Period
|
|
W
20
|
158.3
| |
Meneghinii
|
• Late Jurassic Extinction (161-150Ma: 19%-32% Genera)
|
|
H
20
|
184.7
|
184.6
|
Toarcian
|
Extinction (183-177Ma: 24% Genera)
|
|
E
4
|
197.9
|
195
|
Jamesoni
|
• Major Triassic Extinction (200Ma: 63% Genera)
|
|
Triassic /Jurassic Cold Period
|
|
• N-R Polarity Flip
|
|
W
21
|
224.3
| |
Norian
|
• Norian Extinction (228Ma: Genera 39%)
|
|
• Triassic Warm Maximum
|
|
H
21
|
250.7
|
252
|
Dorashamiam/Changsing
|
• Second Major Permian Extinction (260-251Ma: 71% Genera)
|
|
• N-R Polarity Reversal
|
|
• Major Orogenic Events
|
|
Pflaazian, Palatinian, Sonoma 251
±
5Ma
|
|
• Phanerozoic sea-level minimum (−40m MSL)
|
|
Anoxic interval 260–250 Ma
|
|
E
5
|
263.9
|
262
|
Midian
|
• First Major Permian Extinction (271-260Ma: 56% Genera)
|
|
End of Permo-Carboniferous Reverse Superchron
|
• Reverse Superchron (305Ma-263Ma)
|
|
• Phanerozoic sea-level minimum (−60m MSL)
|
|
W
22
|
290.3
| | |
• Extinction (280-271Ma: 33% Genera)
|
|
• Phanerozoic sea-level change (+100m) Permian Warm Period
|
|
H
22
|
316.7
| |
Narmurian
|
• Extinction (325-314Ma: 38% Genera)
|
|
• Early Whichita Orogeny 318
±
5Ma
|
|
• Late Whichita Orogeny 310
±
5Ma
|
|
• Phanerozoic sea-level minimum (−70m MSL)
|
|
E
6
|
329.9
|
325
|
Visean
|
• Glaciation Commences ~330Ma
|
|
• Major Orogenic Events: Sudetian Orogeny 325
±
5Ma
|
|
• Extinction (45% Genera)
|
|
W
23
|
356.3
|
354
|
Famennian
|
• Famennian Extinction (375-359Ma: 49% Genera)
|
|
• Devonian Warm Maximum (356 Ma)
|
|
Svalbardian Orogeny 360Ma
±
5
|
|
Antler Orogeny 364Ma
±
5
|
|
H
23
|
382.7
|
378
|
Frasnian
|
• Frasian Mass Extinction (383-374Ma: 54% Genera)
|
|
• Polar Reversal N-R (378Ma- 356Ma)
|
|
• Glaciation ~380Ma
|
|
• Anoxic interval (380 & 360 Ma)
|
|
E
7
|
395.9
|
390
|
Eifelian
|
• Extinction (398-392Ma: 38% Genera)
|
|
• Major Orogenic Events:
|
|
Ebrian 400Ma
|
|
Hibernian 403Ma
|
|
W
24
|
422.1
| |
Ludlow
|
• Extinction (423-419Ma: 40% Genera)
|
|
• Phanerozoic sea-level maximum (+200m)
|
|
H
24
|
448.7
|
451 (N/R)
|
Ashgill
|
• Second Major Ordovican Extinction (449–444 Ma: 61% Genera)
|
|
• Magnetic (N-R) reversal 451Ma
|
|
Taconian Orogeny 449
±
5Ma
|
|
• Anoxic Interval-443Ma
|
|
E
8
|
461.9
| |
Caradoc
End Mayero Reverse Superchron
|
• First Major Ordovician Extinction (458-449Ma: 44% Genera)
|
|
Arenig
|
• End Superchron (486Ma-465Ma)
|
|
• Sardininian Orogeny (461.9
±
5Ma)
|
|
• Phanerozoic sea-level minimum(460Ma)
|
|
W
25
|
488.0
|
486
|
Begin Mayero Reverse Superchron
|
• Cambrian/Ordovician Extinction (490-485Ma: 57% Genera)
|
|
Tremandoc
|
• Delhi Orogeny (488
±
5Ma)
|
|
• Begin Superchron (486Ma-465Ma)
|
|
• Ordovician Warm Maximum (488Ma)
|
|
• Anoxic Interval (26Ma of Anoxic Conditions (514.7Ma to 488Ma)
|
|
• Phanerozoic sea-level maximum (+240m)
|
|
H
25
|
514.7
|
511
|
Precedes Upper Toyonian limit
|
• Second Cambrian Extinction (520-513Ma:74% Genera)
|
|
• Pampean Orogeny (514.7Ma
±
5)
|
|
• PolarityFlip (R-N)
|
|
E
9
|
527.9
|
528
|
Lower Toyanian Boundary
|
• First Cambrian Extinction (530-520Ma: 62% Genera)
|
