Phyllopertha horticola (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) larvae in eastern Austrian mountainous grasslands and the associated damage risk related to soil, topography and management

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Table 4 Correlation matrix between grub density (all species), Phyllopertha horticola density and environmental and management variables

	Grub density	*P. horticola*	Humus	N _min	DOC	pH-H ₂ O	Clay	Silt	Sand	A-horizon	Humus eBOD	Water supply	Altitude	Slope	Aspect	Cuts	Grazings	Manure amount
Grub density	1
P. horticola	1.00 **	1
Humus	0.46*	0.46*	1
N_min	0.36	0.36	0.55*	1
DOC	0.29	0.30	0.49*	0.13	1
pH-H₂O	−0.17	−0.15	0.40 t	0.23	−0.11	1
Clay	−0.14	−0.13	0.27	−0.23	0.14	0.16	1
Silt	−0.31	−0.30	0.25	0.04	−0.17	0.27	0.50*	1
Sand	0.27	0.26	−0.29	0.09	0.04	−0.25	−0.83**	−0.90**	1
A-horizon	0.37	0.37	−0.23	−0.09	−0.45*	−0.07	−0.50*	−0.27	0.43	1
Humus eBOD	0.37	0.36	0.45*	0.49*	0.07	0.16	−0.02	0.42	−0.26	0.10	1
Water supply	−0.04	−0.05	0.13	−0.13	0.01	−0.20	0.13	0.11	−0.12	−0.21	0.29	1
Altitude	−0.06	−0.05	0.14	−0.14	0.01	0.48*	0.24	0.01	−0.11	0.07	−0.01	−0.17	1
Slope	0.08	0.06	0.17	0.10	0.22	0.20	0.25	−0.00	−0.12	−0.20	0.06	0.10	0.22	1
Aspect	−0.09	−0.09	−0.31	0.02	−0.06	−0.59*	0.90	0.06	−0.09	0.05	−0.15	0.01	−0.26	−0.17	1
Cuts	−0.06	−0.08	0.03	0.02	−0.36	0.13	−0.06	0.05	−0.01	0.07	0.15	0.16	0.07	−0.31	−0.25	1
Grazings	0.09	0.09	−0.06	−0.31	0.50 *	−0.34	0.12	0.10	−0.09	−0.05	−0.10	0.07	0.01	0.47*	0.14	−0.56*	1
Manure amount	−0.22	−0.23	0.03	0.13	−0.37	0.53*	−0.01	−0.05	0.03	0.08	0.02	−0.24	0.26	−0.37	−0.55*	0.51*	−0.61**	1

The correlation coefficients were calculated across all sites according to Pearson or Spearman in case of the variables “water supply”, “cuts” = usual number of cuts per year, “grazings” = usual number of grazings per year and usual “manure amount” per year. Significant coefficients are marked: * = 0.05 ≥ p > 0.01, ** = p ≤ 0.01. For the definition of parameters see Table 3.