Skip to main content
SpringerPlus
Figure 4 | SpringerPlus

Figure 4

From: Phyllopertha horticola (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) larvae in eastern Austrian mountainous grasslands and the associated damage risk related to soil, topography and management

Figure 4

Total mean grub densities per sampling site (+/− confidence interval, p = 0.05). dark bars = sites had recently been affected by grub damage (damaged sites), white bars = grub damage had never been observed by the farmers (undamaged sites); species composition was dominated by Phyllopertha horticola except: light grey section in the white farm 9 bar = mean number of Hoplia philanthus, white section at the top of the dark farm 2 bar = mean number of Melolontha sp.; Statistical symbols according to t-tests and Mann–Whitney-U tests, in case of non-parametric data: **p ≤ 0.01, wt = weak trend = 0.1 < p ≤ 0.15, ns = non-significant; The dashed line marks the grub density level, above which grub damages were visible in 2011.

Back to article page