| | |
Placebo
|
MFGM
|
ANOVA (G × T)
|
|---|
|
P
-value
|
|---|
|
Knee extension, kg
|
baseline
|
32.2 ± 3.1
|
34.1 ± 3.2
|
0.642
|
|
5 weeks
|
33.3 ± 3.1
|
35.9 ± 3.6
|
|
10 weeks
|
33.8 ± 3.2
|
37.1 ± 3.8
|
|
Δ 10 weeks (%)a
|
6.0 ± 4.0
|
9.7 ± 3.4d
|
|
Leg extension, Nm
|
baseline
|
102.9 ± 9.6
|
97.4 ± 8.6
|
0.567
|
|
5 weeks
|
108.4 ± 11.0
|
102.0 ± 8.8
|
|
10 weeks
|
107.1 ± 10.6
|
103.8 ± 8.4
|
|
Δ 10 weeks (%)a
|
4.2 ± 2.6
|
6.4 ± 2.0d
|
|
Side step test, times
|
baseline
|
32.5 ± 1.6
|
32.3 ± 1.5
|
0.047
|
|
5 weeks
|
33.5 ± 1.6
|
34.3 ± 1.5b
|
|
10 weeks
|
33.3 ± 1.6
|
34.4 ± 1.5b
|
|
Δ 10 weeks (%)a
|
2.4 ± 1.3
|
6.8 ± 1.6c d
|
|
Chair stand test, sec
|
baseline
|
5.7 ± 0.4
|
5.9 ± 0.4
|
0.590
|
|
5 weeks
|
5.6 ± 0.3
|
5.5 ± 0.4
|
|
10 weeks
|
5.4 ± 0.4
|
5.3 ± 0.4
|
|
Δ 10 weeks (%)a
|
- 4.6 ± 3.3
|
- 10.4 ± 2.3d
|
|
Muscle CSA, cm2
|
baseline
|
129.2 ± 7.4
|
116.2 ± 5.7
|
0.025
|
|
10 weeks
|
129.4 ± 7.0
|
120.6 ± 5.7b
|
|
Δ 10 weeks (%)a
|
0.4 ± 1.0
|
4.0 ± 1.1c, d
|
- MFGM, milk fat globule membrane; ANOVA, analysis of variance; CSA, cross-sectional area.
- Values are means ± SEM of 16 (placebo group [women, n = 7; men, n = 9]) and 19 (MFGM group [women, n = 11; men, n = 8]) subjects.
-
aThe value is the percentage change from the baseline to 10 weeks. Repeated-measures ANOVA for the group-by-time interaction (G × T) during the interventional period. bThere was a significant difference from the baseline during the interventional period, as determined using the Bonferroni test (P < 0.05). cThere was a significant difference between the two groups in results of the unpaired t-test (P < 0.05).dThere was a significant difference from the baseline to 10 weeks in results of the paired t-test (P < 0.05).
